Finance

Machine Learning Basics Everyone Should Know

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Make it Great!

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Connecting The Business Technology Community

There are many variations of passages of Lorem Ipsum available, but the majority have suffered alteration in some form, by injected humour, or randomised words which don’t look even slightly believable. As students across the globe continue to see their learning plans significantly.

The basic premise of search engine reputation management is to use the following three strategies to accomplish the goal of creating a completely positive first page of search engine results for a specific term.

Make it Great!

There are many variations of passages of Lorem Ipsum available, but the majority have suffered alteration in some form, by injected humour, or randomised words which don’t look even slightly believable. As students across the globe continue to see their learning plans significantly.

Conclusion

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Cybersecurity Trends: 8 Emerging Trends to Watch Out in 2024

Cybersecurity is the art of safeguarding networks, devices, and data from unauthorized access or misuse, ensuring information remains confidential, intact, and accessible.

While cybersecurity isn’t a new concept, it’s on the cusp of significant changes in 2024. Cyber threats are not only increasing in frequency but also growing more sophisticated, fueled by the widespread adoption of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and IoT. This calls for fresh protection strategies from stakeholders.

Here are 8 cybersecurity trends for 2024 that your organization should take note of.

8 cybersecurity trends for 2024Increased Use of AI and ML

AI in cyber threat detection

As the frequency of modern security threats continues to surge, relying solely on human intervention for cybersecurity is no longer sufficient. Consequently, more and more businesses are leveraging the power of AI and ML to fortify their security frameworks.

The benefits are tangible: organizations that experienced data breaches but had fully integrated AI technology saved an average of $1.76 million in 2023.

Looking ahead to 2024, AI and ML will take on even greater significance in the realm of cybersecurity.

Increased Use of AI and ML

AI has already proven instrumental in crafting automated security protocols, deciphering natural language, recognizing faces, and swiftly identifying potential threats.

Its sophisticated data analysis capabilities are becoming indispensable for preempting and detecting new cyber threats early on. By continuously analyzing risks, AI tools can promptly flag suspicious user behavior, abnormal login attempts, and irregular network activities.

In addition, the advent of AI-driven security bots seems imminent, programmed to autonomously detect and thwart cyber threats, fostering a more proactive approach to network security.

Meanwhile, ML algorithms are constantly evolving to improve their ability to identify and counteract emerging threats, thereby bolstering defensive measures with time. It’s foreseeable that ML will progress to autonomously adapt and refine cybersecurity protocols, reducing the need for manual updates.

AI-powered cyberattacks

On the flip side of AI’s potential for reinforcing threat detection is its exploitation by cybercriminals.

Hackers are increasingly harnessing AI to automate their attacks, employing tactics such as data poisoning and model stealing. Examples of such malicious activities include

  • automated phishing attempts,
  • malevolent chatbots,
  • the utilization of adversarial ML algorithms to disrupt operations and tamper with data integrity.

With the aid of AI, criminals can devise advanced malware and sophisticated attack strategies. They train AI models with pilfered data and then adopt various AI tools to dissect stolen data and extract sensitive information. This makes it much easier for cybercriminals and hackers to successfully carry out data breaches and ransomware attacks.

Furthermore, the advent of generative AI (GenAI) allows attackers to execute campaigns at scale, targeting a vast array of individuals with highly personalized and convincing emails. Access to personal information such as names, organizations, job titles, departments, or even health data helps attackers tailor their attacks with unprecedented precision, posing a significant challenge to cybersecurity professionals.

The Rise in Cloud Security Threats

The next cybersecurity threat trend is cloud vulnerability. The widespread adoption of remote work, especially post-pandemic, has accelerated the need for cloud-based services and infrastructure, bringing along security concerns for organizations. Indeed, approximately 20% of data breaches within companies are attributed to remote workers utilizing cloud-based platforms.

Alongside data breaches, businesses grapple with various network security trends and cloud security challenges, including:

  • ensuring compliance with regulations across different jurisdictions
  • seeking adequate IT expertise to manage the complexities of cloud computing
  • addressing challenges in cloud migration
  • managing an increased number of potential entry points for cyber attackers
  • tackling insider threats, whether accidental or deliberate, stemming from unauthorized remote access, weak passwords, insecure networks, and misuse of personal devices.

According to Deloitte’s annual cybersecurity threat report, Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) and cloud-based storage services were the most targeted cloud environments in 2023, accounting for 39% and 36% of attacks, respectively. Deloitte’s Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) also revealed specific threat vectors in the cloud, including unmanaged attack surfaces, human error, and misconfigurations.

One effective strategy to counter this cyber attack trend is Zero Trust. One of the prominent advantages of this approach lies in its efficacy in mitigating insider threats and thwarting lateral movement of attackers within a network.

At its core, Zero Trust operates on the principle of “never trust, always verify”.

In a zero-trust model, every access request is treated as a potential threat, regardless of its source or network. This approach requires stringent identity verification, tight access controls, and continuous monitoring of network activities.

Typically, once implementing Zero Trust, your organization has to take into account numerous cybersecurity aspects, from user authentication, and endpoint security, to the principle of least privilege access.

Growing Importance of IoT Security

The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to physical objects equipped with sensors and actuators that connect to computer systems through wired or wireless networks, enabling digital monitoring or control of the physical world.

Common examples of IoT devices include fitness trackers, smart refrigerators, smartwatches, and voice assistants like Amazon Echo and Google Home. It’s projected that by 2026, there will be 64 billion IoT devices worldwide.

However, the growing number of IoT devices poses numerous security challenges.

To be specific, the diversity and widespread usage of these devices make them attractive targets for cyberattacks, and their interconnected nature can lead to extensive vulnerabilities.

The proliferation of these devices also expands what’s known as the cyber-attack surface – the potential entry points for malicious actors. In addition, unlike laptops and smartphones, most IoT devices have limited processing and storage capabilities, making it difficult to implement conventional security measures like firewalls and antivirus software.

In response, 2024 will witness a concerted effort to bolster IoT security through various means.

IoT Security Measures

One significant advancement will be the development of stronger, standardized security protocols for IoT devices, potentially including universal encryption standards and mandatory security certifications.

Plus, there’ll be a growing focus on integrating AI and ML algorithms and blockchain technology into IoT systems to detect unusual patterns indicative of breaches and enable rapid threat response.

An increased emphasis on educating users about IoT security risks and best practices is also expected to lead the trend in 2024 within organizations.

At LQA, we specialize in delivering top-notch embedded software testing services globally. Our expert testers meticulously examine sensor functionality, network security systems, and other aspects of IoT devices, ensuring compliance with robust and standardized security protocols. Whether it’s sensor testing, network testing, or industrial protocol testing, rest assured, we have the expertise to ensure the secure and seamless operation of your organization’s IoT system.

Conduct embedded software testing with LQA

Remote Working Cybersecurity Risks

Remote work continues to reshape the business and cybersecurity landscape in 2024. According to Upwork, over 35 million Americans are expected to work remotely by the end of 2025, marking an 87% increase from pre-pandemic levels. However, this trend comes with its own set of cybersecurity risks.

Chances are most home offices lack the robust security measures found in centralized offices, such as secure firewalls, routers, and managed access controls. As a result, adapting to remote work setups may lead to less stringent security measures, giving cybercriminals opportunities to exploit vulnerabilities.

Besides, many employees use personal devices for work-related tasks and this blurring of personal and professional boundaries heightens the risk of sensitive information being compromised.

Hence, it’s crucial for organizations to prioritize addressing the security challenges posed by distributed workforces. This involves:

  • constantly identifying and mitigating emerging security vulnerabilities
  • updating systems
  • implementing security controls
  • ensuring proper monitoring and documentation.

We also highly recommend your business invest in Identity and Access Management Tools (IAM) to further mitigate risks and improve operational management. With IAM solutions, companies can easily analyze user activities, streamline secure sign-in processes based on corporate norms, and prompt users for additional authentication when needed.

Enhanced Focus on Mobile Security

In 2024, the growing reliance on mobile devices for remote work, financial transactions, personal communication, etc. is forecasted to make them prime targets for cyber threats.

In general, mobile threats encompass:

  • specialized spyware targeting encrypted messaging apps
  • exploitation of critical device security vulnerabilities by criminals
  • mobile malware capable of executing various attacks such as Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS), SMS spam, and data theft

Enhanced Focus on Mobile Security

Standing among the latest cybersecurity technology trends, mobile cybersecurity covers a wide array of components, including back-end, cloud security, network security, and the expanding network of interconnected devices, known as the Internet of Things (IoT), such as wearables and automotive devices. That’s why there’s no one-size-fits-all approach to safeguarding apps in insecure environments; rather, it involves implementing multiple layers of security to boost overall protection. Some security experts are even integrating mobile software security with hardware-based solutions to strengthen data storage security.

To address mobile security concerns fully, businesses can leverage LQA’s premium secure mobile application testing services. Our rigorous testing not only takes place before app releases but also on a continuous basis, assuring compliance with functional, performance, and security standards to elevate your overall software quality and user satisfaction.

Blockchain and Cybersecurity

Blockchain technology is gaining increasing recognition for its potential to greatly enhance cybersecurity practices. Essentially, blockchain is a decentralized ledger system known for its built-in security features such as immutability, transparency, and resistance to tampering. These attributes make it an attractive solution for safeguarding digital transactions and shielding data from emerging cyber threats.

One significant way blockchain is bolstering cybersecurity is by preventing data tampering. Once data is recorded on a blockchain, it becomes practically impossible to alter without network consensus, thus preventing hackers’ attempts at manipulation. This feature proves particularly valuable for securing sensitive information like personal identities, financial transactions, and critical infrastructure data.

Blockchain can also be leveraged to develop more secure and decentralized identity management systems. By storing identity data on a blockchain, individuals and organizations gain greater control over information access, thereby minimizing the risks of identity theft and fraud.

Furthermore, blockchain is poised to play a more pivotal role in securing IoT devices. Integration of blockchain into IoT networks enables each device to function as a secure, independent node, strengthening the entire network against attacks that exploit centralized security vulnerabilities.

The adoption of blockchain-based smart contracts is also anticipated to rise, facilitating automation and security in digital agreements. These self-executing contracts offer enhanced security in various online transactions, guaranteeing compliance and reducing breach risks.

The Evolution of Ransomware Attacks

Ransomware is a form of malicious software (malware) that threatens to block access to data or computer systems, usually by encrypting them, until a ransom fee is paid to the attacker.

The Evolution of Ransomware Attacks

According to a US government report, there are over 4,000 ransomware attacks daily. Cybercrime Magazine even reported that in 2021, a targeted ransomware attack occurred approximately every 11 seconds, excluding attacks on individuals. It’s projected that ransomware attacks on businesses, consumers, governments, and devices will happen every two seconds by 2031.

And these losses exceeded $1 billion in 2023, as reported by the Professional Insurance Agents Western Alliance, underscoring the urgent need for adaptation in cybersecurity technologies.

However, a huge roadblock is that ransomware tactics have rapidly evolved over the past decade, transitioning from locker malware that blocked system access to current methods involving data encryption and exfiltration. These techniques are successful because decrypting data without the hackers’ decryption key is extremely challenging, if not impossible. Even when the ransom is paid, nearly a quarter of companies, as per the 2023 Ransomware Trends report, still don’t regain access to their data; and around 34% of encrypted data remains unrecoverable.

On top of that, ransomware attackers are becoming increasingly sophisticated in their phishing tactics, leveraging machine learning and dark web collaboration, while often demanding payment in cryptocurrencies, making tracing particularly difficult.

In the near future, we expect more ransomware attacks targeting organizations that lack robust security testing measures, including a concerning trend known as Ransomware as a Service (RaaS).

In this model, cybercriminals provide ransomware tools and infrastructure to other malicious actors, who then execute attacks.

The emergence of RaaS demands comprehensive and proactive cybersecurity testing measures, along with close collaboration between public and private sectors.

Regulatory Compliance as a Discipline

Last but not least, an important cybersecurity future trend to watch is the rising significance of regulatory compliance.

Generally, regulations related to cybersecurity can be categorized into two main types: data protection regulations and cybersecurity regulations. While these requirements may overlap, they each have distinct focuses. One crucial aspect to differentiate between them is that the theft or accidental release of consumer data often leads to administrative penalties and other financial repercussions.

Regarding cybersecurity regulations, they outline the most basic security standards for products, software, and networks. A few examples of such regulations are:

As for data privacy, as it impacts nearly all aspects of an organization, non-compliance with regulations can lead to fines, negative publicity, and erosion of consumer trust.

As a consequence, businesses are increasingly focusing on hiring data privacy officers and implementing measures like role-based access control, multi-factor authentication, encryption of data in transit and at rest, network segmentation, and external assessments to identify areas for improvement.

FAQs about Top Trends in Cybersecurity in 2024

What are the most common cybersecurity threats today?

Among the most prevalent cybersecurity threats are phishing attacks, ransomware, different types of malware like Trojans and viruses, insider threats, and Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks.

How can individuals and businesses enhance their protection?

Individuals and businesses can bolster their cybersecurity by regularly updating their software, using strong and unique passwords, implementing multi-factor authentication, educating themselves on cybersecurity practices, and investing in reliable antivirus and anti-malware software.

What are the impacts of emerging technologies on future cybersecurity?

Emerging technologies like AI and IoT offer promising opportunities but also pose significant challenges for the future of cybersecurity. While AI can strengthen threat detection and response, it also introduces new risks exploited by cybercriminals. Similarly, IoT devices bring in vulnerabilities that malicious actors can exploit. To effectively combat the latest cybersecurity threats, future cybersecurity strategies must adapt to incorporate these technologies into comprehensive defense mechanisms.

Final Thoughts about Cybersecurity Industry Trends

As we’ve discussed the top 2024 emerging trends in cybersecurity above, it’s evident that our digital world is rapidly changing, from the rise of cloud-based services to the emergence of new IoT devices. This evolution brings fresh challenges and underscores the need for robust defenses.

To stay secure amidst growing threats, 2024 calls for a modern cyber-defense approach that remains adaptable to ever-changing trends of cybersecurity. Both individuals and organizations should assess their current digital footprint and strategize ways to reduce the risk of attacks – both now and in the future.

IT OutsourcingSoftware Testing

What Is Penetration Testing? | A Comprehensive Guide

Understanding your strengths, vulnerabilities, and where your team should allocate time is crucial in the realm of cybersecurity. However, determining these factors and prioritizing tasks can be challenging. So, conducting penetration testing is a highly effective approach to gaining clarity.

Penetration testing is a solid basis for any security team. It excels at pinpointing what to focus on and proposing initiatives for your team’s future endeavors. So, what exactly is pen testing, and why is it so important? The following article will provide further insights.

What is Penetration Testing?

A penetration test (or pentest), is a sanctioned simulation of an attack carried out on a computer system to assess its security. Penetration testers employ identical tools, methods, and procedures as actual attackers to discover and illustrate the detrimental effects of system vulnerabilities.

These tests typically simulate diverse attack types that pose potential risks to a business. They evaluate the system’s ability to resist attacks from authorized and unauthorized sources, as well as various system roles. With appropriate parameters, a pen test can delve into any system facet.

Why is Penetration Testing Important?

What Is Penetration Testing? | A Comprehensive Guide

A penetration test holds a strong significance in ensuring network security. This testing methodology enables businesses to accomplish the following objectives:

  • Uncover security vulnerabilities preemptively, beating hackers to the punch.
  • Identify gaps in information security compliance.
  • Assess the response time of the information security team, gauging how quickly  to detect breaches and minimize the impact.
  • Understand the potential real-world consequences of a data breach or cyber attack.
  • Obtain actionable guidance for remediation purposes.

Penetration testing empowers security experts to methodically assess the security of multi-tier network architectures, custom applications, web services, and other IT components.

Penatration testing services and tools provide swift visibility into high-risk areas, letting businesses build security budgeting.

Comprehensive testing of an organization’s entire IT system, a web app or a mobile app is crucial for safeguarding critical data from cyber hackers and enhancing the IT department’s responsiveness during potential attacks.

5 Phases of Penetration Testing

Penetration testers replicate the tactics employed by determined adversaries. At LQA, we adhere to a comprehensive plan that encompasses the following penetration testing process:

Phase 1 – Estimation

In the first pen testing process, we need to understand the exact number of items in scope, such as

  • HTTP requests in web application and API,
  • screens & main functions in Android / iOS application,
  • server and network devices,
  • IP addresses in systems.

Then, we build a plan based on the function severity. The ranking on a scale of A to S will be used as a criterion for customers to select items to test from the estimate list.

Phase 2 – Preparation

In this phase, we need to prepare some things before testing, including:

  • Web application information: Site name, host, system, cloud services, penetration testing type (remote, onsite), period time, environment testing.
  • Access restriction: Restricting access with IP address, basic authentication, we also need some special configured access settings.
  • Account information: Multiple permission settings, multiple accounts (username and password).
  • Various process: Assessment of functions associated with various processes and external systems.
  • Validation: Confirm other important information before testing.

Phase 3 – Penetration testing

In this phase, LQA’s testing team will:

  • Schedule penetration testing
  • Implement manual and automated testing
  • Analyze and evaluate detected vulnerability
  • Analyze and evaluate the case of threats and impacts when the vulnerability is exploited

What Is Penetration Testing? | A Comprehensive Guide

Phase 4 – Report

In the report phase, we will:

  • Send daily quick report for high-risk vulnerability detected.
  • Write a summary and technical report, then deliver the final report.

Phase 5 – Re-testing

In the last phase, LQA’s testing team will re-test the vulnerabilities after remediating programs.

After completing a successful pen-test, an ethical hacker collaborates with the target organization’s information security team to share their findings.

Typically, these findings are categorized with severity ratings, enabling the prioritization of remediation efforts. Issues with the highest ratings are addressed first to ensure effective resolution.

A business uses these findings as a foundation for conducting additional investigations, assessments, and remediation to enhance its security posture.

At this stage, decision-makers and stakeholders become actively involved, and the IT or security team establishes deadlines to ensure prompt resolution of all identified security issues.

Pen Testing Approaches

Penetration testing includes a trio of primary approaches, each equipping pen testers with specific levels of information required to execute their attacks effectively.

  • White box testing: In white box testing, the customer furnishes comprehensive system information, including accounts at various access levels. This ensures that the testing expert can band encompass system’s functionalities.
  • Black box testing: Black box penetration testing is a form of behavioral and functional testing in which testers are intentionally kept unaware of the system’s inner workings. Organizations commonly engage ethical hackers for black box testing, as it simulates real-world attacks and provides insights into the system’s vulnerabilities.
  • Gray box testing: Gray box testing combines white box and black box testing techniques. Testers are granted limited knowledge of the system, including low-level credentials, logical flow charts, and network maps. The primary objective of gray box testing is to identify potential code and functionality issues in the system.

>> Read more:

Best software testing methods to ensure top-quality applications

What Should Good Penetration Testing Include?

To ensure a robust the pen test engagement, business should conduct a thorough assessment of an organization’s attack surface.

This assessment aims to identify all conceivable entry points into the network, encompassing unsecured ports, unpatched vulnerabilities, misconfigured systems, and weak passwords.

By addressing these critical aspects, organizations can fortify their defenses against potential security breaches.

After the identification of potential entry points, the penetration tester proceeds to exploit them to gain network access. Once inside, pentesters meticulously examine the network for sensitive information, including customer data, financial records, and proprietary company secrets.

Furthermore, the tester endeavors to escalate privileges to obtain complete control over the network.

How Often Should Pen Tests Be Performed?

The frequency of conducting penetration testing varies based on several factors, yet most security experts advise performing it at least annually. This regular assessment aids in the detection of emerging vulnerabilities, including zero-day threats, ensuring proactive mitigation measures can be promptly implemented.

When planning the schedule for penetration testing, organizations should focus on the following key considerations:

  • Cyber-attack risks: Organizations with increased exposure to potential financial and reputational damage, should prioritize regular security testing to proactively prevent cyber-attacks.
  • Budget: The frequency of pen testing should align with the available budget and its flexibility. Larger companies may have the resources to conduct annual tests, while smaller businesses might opt for biennial assessments due to budget constraints.
  • Regulatory requirements: Certain industries, such as banking and healthcare, have specific regulations mandating regular penetration testing. Compliance with these regulations should guide the frequency and timing of security assessments in those organizations.

Apart from regular scheduled penetration testing, organizations should also consider conducting security tests in response to the following aspects:

  • Incorporating new network infrastructure or appliances into the network.
  • Implementing upgrades to existing applications and equipment.
  • Installing security patches.
  • Establishing new office locations.
  • Modifying end-user policies.

What are The Best Penetration Testing Tools?

Penetration testers employ a diverse range of tools to execute reconnaissance, identify vulnerabilities, and streamline essential aspects of the penetration testing process. Here are several widely used tools:

What Is Penetration Testing? | A Comprehensive Guide

  • Specialized operating systems: Penetration testers rely on specialized operating systems tailored to penetration testing and ethical hacking. 

Among these, Kali Linux stands out as the preferred choice. This open-source Linux distribution comes equipped with an array of built-in pen testing tools, including Nmap, Wireshark, and Metasploit.

  • Credential-cracking tools: In the pursuit of uncovering passwords, penetration testers leverage credential-cracking tools. These software applications employ various techniques such as encryption-breaking or launching brute-force attacks.

By using bots or scripts, these tools systematically generate and test potential passwords until a successful match is found. Prominent examples encompass Medusa, Hydra, Hashcat, and John the Ripper.

  • Port scanners: These tools enable pen testers to remotely examine devices for open and accessible ports, which can serve as potential entry points into a network. While Nmap remains the most popular port scanner, other commonly used options include Masscan and ZMap.
  • Vulnerability scanners: These scanning tools are designed to identify known vulnerabilities in systems, enabling pen testers to swiftly pinpoint potential weaknesses and entryways into a target. Notable examples of vulnerability scanners include Nessus, Core Impact, and Netsparker.

Web vulnerability scanners include a specialized category of tools within the broader realm of vulnerability scanning. These scanners specifically evaluate web applications and websites to identify potential vulnerabilities. Notable examples in this domain include Burp Suite and OWASP’s Zed Attack Proxy (ZAP).

  • Packet analyzers: Also referred to as packet sniffers, empower penetration testers to analyze network traffic by capturing and examining individual packets.

These tools provide insights into the origin, destination, and, in some cases, content of transmitted data. Prominent packet analyzers include Wireshark and tcpdump, widely recognized for their effectiveness in this domain.

  • Metasploit: On the other hand, serves as a comprehensive penetration testing framework encompassing a multitude of functionalities. Its most significant attribute lies in its ability to automate cyber attacks.

Equipped with a comprehensive library of prewritten exploit codes and payloads, Metasploit empowers penetration testers to select an exploit, assign a payload to deliver to the target system, and delegate the remaining tasks to the framework itself.

Penetration Testing Case Study

Below are two outstanding LQA’s penetration testing case studies you can refer to:

SaaS penetration testing

SaaS penetration testing

Overview

The product is a SaaS service software system that uses the Microsoft Azure cloud based on business management.

Its features aim at the user experience and business development system for small and medium enterprises.

Project information

  • Country: USA
  • Domain: ERP
  • Framework: .NET, Vue
  • Tools Involved: Burp Suite Professional

What we did

Our objective was to assess the security of the web applications by conducting a thorough penetration test aligned with the OWASP Top 10. This helped us identify and mitigate vulnerabilities to enhance the security posture.

Findings

  • Privilege Escalation
  • Account Takeover
  • Stored XSS
  • File Upload Vulnerabilities
  • Information Leakage

Achievements

We found 12 vulnerabilities, fixed 100% of severe issues, and did 1400 APIs tested.

Dental clinic management system penetration testing

Dental clinic management system penetration testing

Overview

Our client has a dental clinic management system to make appointments, bookings, check exam results, invoicing, etc.

However, their system, which was built a decade ago on outdated PHP, lacked optimized performance, sustainability, and security. So, they needed an experienced vendor to upgrade their technology stack to ensure easier maintenance and future development.

Project information

  • Country: France
  • Domain: Healthcare
  • Framework: NodeJS, React
  • Tools Involved: Burp Suite Professional

What we did

Based on our client’s requirements, we needed to assess the security of the web applications by conducting a thorough penetration test aligned with the OWASP Top 10. This helped to identify and mitigate vulnerabilities to enhance its security posture.

Findings

  • SQL Injection
  • Access Control Issues
  • Weak Authentication Mechanism
  • Information Leakage

Achievements

We found 8 vulnerabilities, fixed 100% severe issues, and did 390 APIs tested.

FAQ

How often should I run a penetration testing?

The optimal frequency of conducting penetration tests varies for each company, contingent upon factors such as the nature of its operations and its appeal to potential attackers.

In the case of highly sensitive activities, you should conduct penetration tests regularly, ideally several times per year. This approach ensures that the latest attack methods are thoroughly tested and safeguards against emerging threats.

For activities of lower sensitivity, you should perform a penetration test for each new version release or whenever significant features are added. This targeted approach focuses on assessing the security of specific updates or additions, thereby maintaining an adequate level of protection.

By tailoring the frequency of penetration tests to the unique characteristics and risk profile of each company, organizations can proactively address potential vulnerabilities and bolster their overall security posture.

I don’t have sensitive data, why would I be attacked?

No website is immune to cyberattacks, even those that may not possess sensitive data.

Hackers can have varied motivations, ranging from honing their skills and knowledge, to exploiting compromised servers for hosting malicious websites, generating profits, or even simply seeking amusement.

Among the most frequently targeted websites are those built on the WordPress platform. These sites often face automated attacks on a massive scale, targeting tens of thousands of websites.

The victims of such attacks are not specifically singled out, but rather fall victim to the widespread and indiscriminate nature of these automated campaigns.

How much does a pentest cost?

The required time and budget for testing depend on the scope and level of thoroughness desired.

If comprehensive and exhaustive testing is sought, it is natural if you expect a longer duration and, consequently, a higher financial investment.

You can contact LQA to have further discussion and detailed quotation.

What is the most important step in a penetration testing?

The estimation phase holds significant importance in a penetration test as it serves as the foundation for gathering crucial information about the target. This stage is particularly critical since having a comprehensive understanding of the target significantly simplifies the gaining access process.

What are the risks of penetration testing?

Improperly executed penetration tests can potentially result in significant damage, leading to adverse consequences. For instance, servers may experience crashes, essential data might be corrupted or compromised, and the overall aftermath could be a criminal hack.

>> Read more:

Conclusion

In light of the continuously advancing and sophisticated nature of cyberattacks, we can’t overstate the significance of regular penetration testing in organizations. These tests play a vital role in identifying vulnerabilities, patching security loopholes, and validating the effectiveness of cyber controls.

By conducting pen testing methodology, organizations adopt a proactive approach to fortifying their infrastructure, software applications, and even their personnel against potential threats.

This proactive stance motivates the development of robust and continuous security measures that can adapt to the ever-changing cyber threat landscape, ensuring the organization remains resilient in the face of evolving challenges.

Leveraging the expertise of LQA, companies can establish a comprehensive defense against both recognized and unforeseen threats. By enlisting their support, you can proactively prevent, identify, and mitigate potential risks.

If you are eager to implement penetration testing, we encourage you to reach out to LQA. Contact us today for further discussion!

Mobile AppSoftware TestingSoftware TestingSoftware TestingSoftware TestingSoftware TestingWeb App

Software Application Testing: Different Types & How to Do?

In the ever-evolving landscape of technology, application testing & quality assurance stands as crucial pillars for the success of any software product.

This article delves into the fundamentals of application testing, including its definition, various testing types, and how to test a software application.

We aim to provide a comprehensive guide that will assist you in understanding and optimizing your application testing process, ensuring the delivery of high-quality software products. Let’s get cracking!

       

What is Software Application Testing?

Software application testing involves using testing scripts, tools, or frameworks to detect bugs, errors, and issues in software applications.

It is a crucial phase in every software development life cycle (SDLC), helping to identify and resolve issues early on, ensuring application quality, and avoiding costly damage.

what is software application testing?

What is Software Application Testing?

 

According to CISQ, poor software cost the U.S. economy $2.08 trillion in 2020 alone. VentureBeat also reported that developers spend 20% of their time fixing bugs.

The costs of software bugs extend beyond the direct financial expenses that a software developer must make to fix the bugs. They lead to productivity loss due to worker downtime, disruptions, and delays. Additionally, they can harm a company’s reputation, indicating a lack of product quality to clients.

Moreover, bugs can introduce security risks, leading to cyberattacks, data breaches, and financial theft.

For instance, Starbucks was forced to close about 60% of its stores in the U.S. and Canada, due to a software bug in its POS system. In 1994, a China Airlines Airbus A300 crashed due to a software error, resulting in the loss of 264 lives.

These statistics and examples emphasize the importance of application testing. However, implementing an effective QA process requires essential steps and a comprehensive testing plan.

 

Software Application Testing Process: How to Test a Software Application?

A thorough software testing process requires well-defined stages. Here are the key steps:

software application testing process

Software Application Testing Process

Requirement analysis

During this initial phase, the testing team gathers and analyzes the testing requirements to understand the scope and objectives of the testing process.

Clear test objectives are defined based on this analysis, aligning the testing efforts with the overall project goals. 

This step is crucial for customizing the software testing lifecycle (STLC) and determining the appropriate testing approaches.

 

Test planning

After analyzing requirements, the next step is to determine the test plan strategy. Resources allocation, software testing tools, test environment, test limitations, and the testing timeline are determined during this phase:

  • Resource allocation: Determining the resources required for testing, including human resources, testing tools, and infrastructure.
  • Test environment setup: Creating and configuring the test environment to mimic the production environment as closely as possible.
  • Test limitations: Identifying any constraints or limitations that may impact testing, such as time, budget, or technical constraints.
  • Testing timeline: Establishing a timeline for testing activities, including milestones and deadlines.
  • QA metrics: Determining testing KPIs and expected results to ensure the effectiveness of the testing process.

Check out the comprehensive test plan template for your upcoming project.

 

Test case design

In this phase, the testing team designs detailed test cases based on the identified test scenarios derived from the requirements. 

Test cases cover both positive and negative scenarios to ensure comprehensive testing coverage. The test case design phase also involves verifying and reviewing the test cases to ensure they accurately represent the desired software behavior.

For automated testing, test scripts are developed based on the test cases to automate the testing process.

 

Test execution

Test execution is where the actual testing of the software application takes place. Testers execute the predefined test cases, either manually or using automated testing tools, to validate the functionality of the software.

Input data and various conditions are simulated during this phase to assess how the software responds under different scenarios. Any defects encountered during testing are documented and reported for further analysis and resolution.

Delve deep into testing world:

 

Test cycle closure and documentation

The final step involves closing the test cycle and documenting the testing process comprehensively.

A test completion matrix is prepared to summarize test coverage, execution status, and defect metrics. Test results are analyzed to identify trends, patterns, and areas for improvement in future testing cycles.

Comprehensive documentation of test results, defects, and testing artifacts is prepared for reference and software audit purposes. Conducting a lessons-learned session helps capture insights and best practices for optimizing future testing efforts.

application testing with lqa experts

 

Software Application Test Plan (STP)

A software application test plan is a comprehensive document that serves as a roadmap for the testing process of a software application or system. It outlines the approach, scope, resources, schedule, and activities required for effective testing throughout the software development lifecycle.

A well-crafted test plan is crucial for ensuring the success, reliability, and quality of a software product. It provides a detailed guide for the testing team, ensuring that testing activities are conducted systematically and thoroughly.

software application test plan

Software Application Test Plan (STP)

 

A standard test plan for application testing should define the following key features:

  • Testing scope: Clearly define the boundaries and coverage of testing activities, including what functionalities, modules, or aspects of the application will be tested.
  • Testing objective: Pinpoint the specific goals and objectives of the testing process, such as validating functionality, performance, security, or usability aspects.
  • Testing approach: Outline the testing approach to be used, whether it’s manual testing, automated testing, or a combination of both. Define the test strategies, techniques, and methodologies to be employed.
  • Testing schedule: Establish a detailed testing schedule that includes milestones, deadlines, and phases of testing (such as unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and user acceptance testing).
  • Bug tracking and reporting: Define the process for tracking, managing, and reporting defects encountered during testing. Include details about bug severity levels, priority, resolution timelines, and communication channels for reporting issues.

In case you haven’t created a test plan before and desire to nail it the very first time, make a copy of our test plan template and tweak it until it meets your unique requirements.

By incorporating these key features into a test plan, organizations can ensure a structured and comprehensive approach to software application testing, leading to improved quality, reduced risks, and better overall software performance.

application testing with lqa experts

 

Before diving into the implementation of an application testing process, it is vital to grasp the different types of testing for a successful strategy. Application testing can be classified in various ways, encompassing methods, levels, techniques, and types. To gain a comprehensive and clear understanding of the application testing system, take a look at the infographic below.

types of testing

Types of testing

 

Application Testing Methods

There are two primary application testing methods: Manual Testing and Automation Testing. Let’s explore the key differences between Manual Testing vs Automation Testing, and understand when to use each method effectively.

Manual testing

This testing method involves human QA engineers and testers manually interacting with the software app to evaluate its functions (from writing to executing test cases).

In manual testing, QA analysts carry out tests one by one in an individual manner to identify bugs, glitches, defects, and key feature issues before the software application’s launch. As part of this process, test cases and summary error reports are developed without any automation tools.

Manual testing is often implemented in the first stage of the SDLC to test individual features, run ad-hoc testing, and assess one-time testing scenarios. 

It is the most useful for exploratory testing, UI testing, and initial testing phases when detecting usability issues and user experience problems.

 

Automation testing

This testing method utilizes tools and test scripts to automate testing efforts. In other words, specified and customized tools are implemented in the automation testing process instead of solely manual forces.

It is efficient for repetitive tests, regression testing, and performance testing. Automation testing can accelerate testing cycles, improve accuracy, and ensure consistent test coverage across multiple environments.

manual test and automation test

Manual Test and Automation Test

 

Application Testing Techniques

Black box testing

Black box testing is a software application testing technique in which testers understand what the software product is supposed to do but are unaware of its internal code structure.

Black box testing can be used for both functional and non-functional testing at multiple levels of software tests, including unit, integration, system, and acceptance. Its primary goal is to assess the software’s functionality, identify mistakes, and guarantee that it satisfies specified requirements.

 

White box testing

White box testing, or structural or code-based testing, is the process of reviewing an application’s internal code and logic. 

Testers use code coverage metrics and path coverage strategies to ensure thorough testing of code branches and functionalities. It is effective for unit testing, integration testing, and code quality assessment.

 

Gray box testing

Gray box testing is a software application testing technique in which testers have a limited understanding of an application’s internal workings.

The principal goal of gray box testing is to combine the benefits of black box testing and white box testing to assess the software product from a user perspective and enhance its overall user acceptance. It is beneficial for integration testing, usability testing, and system testing.

black box grey box and white box penetration testing differences

Black box, Grey box and White box penetration testing differences

 

 

Application Testing Levels

Unit testing

Unit testing focuses on testing individual units or components of the software in isolation. It verifies the correctness of each unit’s behavior and functionality. Unit testing is most useful during development to detect and fix defects early in the coding phase.

Integration testing

Integration testing verifies the interactions and data flow between integrated modules or systems. It ensures that integrated components work together seamlessly. Integration testing is crucial during the integration phase of SDLC to identify interface issues and communication errors.

System testing

System testing evaluates the complete and fully integrated software product to validate its compliance with system specifications. It tests end-to-end functionality and assesses system behavior under various conditions. System testing is conducted before deployment to ensure the software meets user expectations and business requirements.

User acceptance testing

User acceptance testing (UAT) ensures that the software meets user expectations and business requirements. It involves real-world scenarios and is conducted by end-users or stakeholders.  Acceptance testing is often conducted in the final stages to ensure alignment with user expectations, business goals, and readiness for production deployment.

software application testing levels

Software application testing levels

 

Types of Software Application Testing

software application testing types

Software application testing types

Functional test

Functional testing assesses whether the software application’s functions perform according to specified requirements. It verifies individual features, input/output behavior, and functional workflows.

Some common functional test types include:

  • Compatibility testing: Verifies the software’s compatibility across different devices, operating systems, browsers, and network environments to ensure consistent performance and functionality.
  • Performance testing: Assess the software’s responsiveness, scalability, stability, and resource utilization under varying workloads to ensure optimal performance and user satisfaction.
  • Security testing: Identifies vulnerabilities, weaknesses, and potential security risks within the software to protect against unauthorized access, data breaches, and other security threats.
  • GUI testing: Focuses on verifying the graphical user interface (GUI) elements, such as buttons, menus, screens, and interactions, to ensure visual consistency and proper functionality.

 

Non-functional test

Non-functional testing focuses on aspects such as security, usability, performance, scalability, and reliability of the software. It ensures that the software meets non-functional requirements and performs well under various conditions and loads.

Some common non-functional testing types implemented to ensure robust and user-friendly software include:

  • API testing: Validates the functionality, reliability, and performance of application programming interfaces (APIs) to ensure seamless communication and data exchange between software components.
  • Usability testing: Evaluates how user-friendly and intuitive the software interface is for end-users, focusing on ease of navigation, clarity of instructions, and overall user experience.
  • Load testing: Assesses how the software performs under high volumes of user activity, determining its capacity to handle peak loads and identifying any performance bottlenecks.
  • Localization testing: Verifies the software’s adaptability to different languages, regions, and cultural conventions, ensuring it functions correctly and appropriately in various local contexts.
  • Accessibility testing: Ensures the software is usable by people with disabilities, checking compliance with accessibility standards and guidelines to provide an inclusive user experience.
  • Penetration testing: Simulates cyberattacks on the software to identify security vulnerabilities, assessing its defenses against potential threats and breaches.

 

The ‘’in-between’’ testing types

In software development, several testing types bridge the gap between functional and non-functional testing, addressing aspects of both. These “in-between” testing types include:

  • Regression testing: Checks for unintended impacts on existing functionalities after code changes or updates to ensure that new features or modifications do not introduce defects or break existing functionalities.
  • Integration testing: Examines the interactions between integrated modules or components of the software, ensuring they work together as intended and correctly communicate with each other.
  • System testing: Evaluates the complete and integrated software system to verify that it meets the specified requirements, checking overall functionality, performance, and reliability.
  • User acceptance testing: Involves end-users testing the software in real-world scenarios to confirm it meets their needs and expectations, serving as the final validation before release.

 

application testing with lqa experts

Best Practices for Application Testing with LQA

With over 8 years of experience and being the pioneering independent software QA company in Vietnam, LQA is a standout entity within the LTS Group’s ecosystem, renowned for its expertise in IT quality and security assurance. We provide a complete range of application testing services, including web application testing, application security testing, mobile application testing, application penetration testing, etc.

lqa software quality assurance awards

LQA software quality assurance awards

 

With LQA, you can have the best practices in creating and implementing diverse types of application testing tailored to your business’s requirements. We stand out with:

  • Expertise in industries: Our specialized experience, validated by awards like ISTQB, PMP, and ISO, ensures efficient and exceptional outcomes.
  • Budget efficiency: Leveraging automation testing solutions, we deliver cost-effective results, benefitting from Vietnam’s low labor costs.
  • TCoE compliance: Aligning with the Testing Center of Excellence (TCoE) framework optimizes QA processes, resources, and technologies for your project.
  • Abundant IT talent: Our diverse pool of testers covers various specialties including Mobile and web app testing, Automation (Winform, Web UI, API), Performance, Pen Test, Automotive, Embedded IoT, and Game testing.
  • Advanced technology: Leveraging cutting-edge testing devices, tools, and frameworks, our team guarantees the smooth operation of your software, delivering a flawless user experience and a competitive market advantage.

lqa software testing tools

LQA robust software testing tools

 

LQA recognizes the crucial role of software quality testing in delivering top-tier software products. Our expertise and advanced testing methods enable businesses to attain robust, dependable, and high-performing software applications.

application testing with lqa experts

Frequently Asked Questions About Application Testing

What is application testing? 

Application testing refers to the process of evaluating software applications to ensure they meet specified requirements, perform as expected, and are free from defects or issues.

 

What does an application tester do?

An application tester is responsible for designing and executing test cases, identifying bugs or defects in software applications, documenting test results, and collaborating with developers to ensure issues are resolved.

 

Why is application testing required?

Application testing is required to verify that software functions correctly, meets user expectations, operates efficiently, and is reliable. It helps identify and address bugs, errors, and performance issues early in the development lifecycle, leading to higher-quality software.

 

What is computer application testing?

Computer application testing, also known as software application testing, is the process of testing software applications to validate their functionality, performance, security, usability, and other quality attributes on computer systems.

 

How to test a software application?

Testing a software application involves various stages such as requirement analysis, test planning, test case design, test execution, and test cycle closure. It includes manual testing where testers interact with the application and automated testing using testing tools and scripts to validate its behavior under different scenarios.

 

Final Thoughts About Software Application Testing

Quality assurance through rigorous application testing processes is the keystone that ensures software products meet user expectations, function flawlessly, and remain competitive in the market.

At LQA, we understand the paramount importance of software quality testing in delivering top-notch software products. Our testing services are designed to cater to diverse testing needs, including functional testing, performance testing, usability testing, and more. By leveraging our expertise and cutting-edge testing methodologies, businesses can achieve robust, reliable, and high-performing software applications.

Investing in thorough application testing is not just a best practice; it’s a strategic imperative. If you are looking for application testing experts to optimize your testing processes and ensure top-notch software quality, do not hesitate to contact our experts at LQA. Let us partner with you on your journey to delivering exceptional software solutions that exceed expectations.

 

 

 

IT OutsourcingNews

Cutting Edge Technology: Trends That Reshape The World In 2025

Cutting edge technology is evolving at an unprecedented pace, reshaping how we live, work, and connect. In this rapidly changing landscape, it’s not just the tools that are advancing but also the roles and responsibilities of IT professionals.

Utilizing cutting edge technology brings substantial advantages, including enhanced performance, increased efficiency, access to novel and advanced features, and a competitive edge in the market.

In this article, let’s delve into a comprehensive overview of advanced technologies in 2025 in development and the exciting possibilities they offer to users.

What Is Cutting Edge Technology?

Cutting edge technology (or leading-edge or state-of-the-art technology), is the latest and most advanced solutions, machines, devices, services, techniques, or achievements that leverage current and top-level IT developments. 

Embracing new cutting edge technology enables pioneering organizations in the IT industry to make notable breakthroughs in business, technology, and programming.

The Importance of Cutting Edge Technology

Cutting edge technology holds immense importance as it can bring substantial enhancements to our existing technology and processes. Any technology widely prevalent today, such as solar panels, was once classified as cutting edge technology before undergoing extensive testing and widespread adoption.

In today’s context, cutting edge tech has become even more indispensable, particularly due to the significance of data collection. The ability to gather, process, and harness vast quantities of data often serves as a driving force behind the growth of the latest technologies.

Furthermore, this data-driven approach can unlock further advancements in technology, making them more exceptional once they are widely embraced.

Cutting Edge Technology: Trends That Reshape The World In 2025

Let’s explore a few domains of cutting edge technology in today’s world that will introduce remarkable innovations soon.

Agentic AI

Agentic AI is the next leap in artificial intelligence – where systems not only interpret data but also make decisions and take action independently. Unlike traditional AI applications such as speech recognition, game-playing, or AI-powered chatbot on websites, agentic AI systems are goal-driven and capable of initiating tasks without human intervention. They understand context, collaborate with other digital agents, and can dynamically respond to changing inputs or environments.

According to Gartner, by 2028, at least 15% of all work-related decisions will be made autonomously by agentic AI systems, up from virtually 0% in 2024.

Through the power of artificial intelligence, machines strive to mimic human cognition and augment it in more autonomous and impactful ways, paving the way for transformative advancements in various domains.

>> Don’t miss:

Quantum computing

Quantum computing represents a captivating field that transcends multiple disciplines, including computer science, physics, and mathematics. It harnesses the principles of quantum mechanics to tackle intricate problems with unprecedented speed, surpassing the capabilities of classical computers. 

Within the realm of quantum computing, researchers explore cutting-edge hardware advancements while simultaneously delving into the development of practical applications for this transformative technology.

By leveraging the power of probabilities instead of binary systems, quantum computers can accommodate significantly larger datasets, enabling them to perform extensive computations and yield highly accurate results.

The implications of this advancement extend across various industries, specifically those reliant on rapid data processing. Moreover, quantum computing proves invaluable for devices that require efficient data processing, as it enhances their overall efficiency while significantly reducing calculation time.

Semiconductors

A semiconductor refers to a material possessing distinct electrical characteristics that form the fundamental building blocks for computers and various electronic devices. Typically, it manifests as a solid chemical element or compound capable of conducting electricity under specific conditions, while impeding its flow under others.

By leveraging advanced materials, devices can accommodate a greater number of semiconductors, thereby significantly enhancing their capabilities and functionalities.

Post-quantum cryptography (PQC)

Quantum computing promises unprecedented computational power, but it also threatens current cryptographic standards. Post-quantum cryptography involves developing encryption methods resistant to quantum attacks, ensuring data security in a post-quantum world.

Designed for long-term resilience, PQC algorithms aim to protect data well into the future – particularly in high-stakes sectors like banking, healthcare, and national defense.

Hyperconnectivity

This cutting edge technology is exemplified by the seamless interconnection of our devices, such as smart devices, and the effortless access to information, such as browsing the internet via our smartphones.

Cutting Edge Technology: Trends That Reshape The World In 2024

Space technology

Space technology is an array of hardware, equipment, and systems employed in the pursuit of space exploration and development. It includes not only the tangible tools utilized but also the intricate web of technologies and processes that facilitate their operation and maintenance.

The impact of space technology extends beyond its immediate applications. Many groundbreaking material advancements we witness today, particularly in communication devices, owe their existence to space exploration.

Homomorphic encryption

Homomorphic encryption builds upon the foundations of public key encryption systems, employing a unique approach. In this case, a single public key and a corresponding private key are utilized to perform the intricate tasks of encrypting and decrypting data.

This cutting edge innovation holds immense potential in securing data in cloud environments, facilitating faster and more efficient data processing and interaction. What makes homomorphic encryption particularly crucial is its ability to maintain data security while simultaneously providing users with the necessary flexibility to interact with it.

3D sensor

A 3D sensor represents an advanced device to gauge the distance or orientation of an object in three-dimensional space, employing the principles of depth perception.

The underlying technology behind 3D sensing revolves around the projection of light waves toward a target object and subsequently capturing the reflected waves to ascertain the object’s shape and position.

Robotics

Robotics includes a dynamic realm of technology focused on the intricate aspects of designing, constructing, operating, and utilizing robots

It extends beyond the physical realm and encompasses the development of sophisticated computer systems responsible for controlling these robots, providing sensory feedback, and engaging in intricate information-processing tasks.

The field of robotics is on the verge of entering the mainstream. Although there has been considerable buzz surrounding robotics for some time, it is only now that various hardware and software technologies have reached a level of maturity.

With recent advances in hardware and AI, robotics is moving from labs into real-world applications. One notable example is robotaxis – autonomous vehicles that navigate and transport passengers without human drivers. By combining robotics, computer vision, and machine learning, robotaxis are driving the future of mobility and showing how robotics can integrate into everyday life.

IoT, 5G and edge computing

The convergence of 5G network technology and edge computing gives rise to the transformative concept known as 5G edge computing. 

This innovative fusion combines the remarkable capabilities of high-speed network technology with decentralized computational power, fostering a landscape where operational efficiency is heightened, and data-driven adaptations can unfold with remarkable speed.

On a distinct note, the Internet of Things (IoT) represents a comprehensive framework encompassing an intricate network of physical objects, aptly referred to as “things.” 

The most compelling application of IoT lies in its capability to enhance human interaction with the surrounding environment. The majority of advancements in this realm concentrate heavily on user convenience, enabling individuals to engage more seamlessly with their devices.

Cutting Edge Technology: Trends That Reshape The World In 2024

Digital diagnostics

Digital diagnostics include the use of digital technology and robust networking infrastructure to seamlessly integrate different aspects of healthcare

This progressive approach encompasses telehealth consultations, AI-powered diagnostic tools, electronic health records, and advanced lab processing capabilities, fostering a cohesive and efficient diagnostic process.

We can anticipate a surge of innovation and activity in the coming years, focused on enhancing the real-time diagnostic capabilities of virtual healthcare. This progress will continue to diminish the reliance on in-person visits, making healthcare more accessible and convenient for all.

Augmented reality and virtual reality

Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) offer distinct experiences. AR seamlessly merges virtual elements into the real world, allowing users to maintain control over their presence. 

In contrast, VR immerses users in a fully virtual environment, where system controls dictate their experience. VR necessitates a headset device, while AR can be accessed through smartphones.

Passwordless authentication

Passwordless authentication revolutionizes the way user identity is verified by eliminating the need for traditional passwords. Instead, it embraces highly secure alternatives such as possession factors, including one-time passwords (OTP) and registered smartphones, along with advanced biometric measures like fingerprint and retina scans

By adopting passwordless authentication, users can enjoy enhanced security without the burden of managing and remembering passwords.

Passwords have been the go-to method for safeguarding data and information security over the years. Although they are effective, they also come with inherent vulnerabilities when facing increasingly sophisticated attacks.

Consequently, alternative approaches such as biometric data or passkeys have emerged to address the limitations of password-based systems. These alternatives can render passwords obsolete altogether as they keep developing and gaining traction over time.

Cutting Edge Technology: Trends That Reshape The World In 2024

Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology embodies the remarkable ability to comprehend, measure, manipulate, and construct materials at the incredibly minute scale of atoms and molecules, known as the nanometer scale. 

Its influence extends far and wide, permeating numerous scientific and practical domains, ranging from healthcare and agriculture to electronic devices, computer science, and beyond. The profound impact of nanotechnology resonates throughout a diverse array of fields, fueling innovation and unlocking unprecedented possibilities.

Nanotechnology improves the density of memory chips. It also reduces the size of transistors used in integrated circuits. Nanotechnology improves display panels on electrical gadgets. This results in lower power usage, less weight, and thinner screens.

Next gen computing

The next generation of technology showcases a remarkable range of advancements, including advanced robotics, AI, IoT, RPA, quantum computing, 3-D printing, 5G wireless networks, VR and AR, and blockchain. These transformative technologies redefine possibilities and shape the future.

Next-generation computing stands at the forefront of transforming the way individuals engage with data. Notably, there has been a significant drive towards advancing encryption techniques as a means to enhance the protection of personal data against cyber threats.

Prominent examples include the deployment of elliptic curve cryptography to fortify the security of public communications, or the utilization of virtual machines to enable the operation of multiple computers from a single device.

Cloud computing

At its core, cloud computing represents a streamlined approach to accessing and utilizing a wide range of computing services. These services are servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics, and intelligence, all conveniently delivered over the internet, commonly referred to as “the cloud.” 

By leveraging cloud computing, businesses and individuals can unlock accelerated innovation, flexible resource allocation, and cost efficiencies on a significant scale.

Sustainable technology

Sustainable technology, also known as green technology, focuses on developing innovations that minimize environmental impact while supporting long-term economic growth. These technologies span renewable energy, energy efficiency, smart waste management, and sustainable resource use, enabling organizations to align with Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) goals and meet tightening regulatory standards.

Hyperscalers are investing in solar-powered data centers, liquid cooling systems, and even nuclear microgrids to handle the rising demands of AI in a more sustainable way. On the software side, AI workloads are being optimized to reduce emissions, while real-time carbon tracking tools help companies monitor and meet Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) goals.

The global green technology and sustainability market was valued at $14.3 billion in 2022 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of over 19.5% between 2023 and 2032. This momentum is fueled by growing environmental awareness and the urgent need for businesses to adopt more sustainable practices.

> Read more: Top 13 technology trends in 2023 that are shaping the future

Cutting Edge Technology: Trends That Reshape The World In 2024

The Importance of Cutting Edge Technology

Leveraging cutting-edge technologies can yield significant competitive advantages for businesses. By staying at the forefront of technological advancements, companies can differentiate themselves and offer their customers innovative and distinct solutions

Let’s explore some advantages of cutting edge technologies:

Embracing the latest digital advancements

Incorporating the latest advancements in technology brings forth a realm of captivating possibilities for organizations to enhance their digital capabilities.

By harnessing new technologies, businesses can create compelling differentiators, enhance their current suite of products and services, and introduce cutting edge solutions to gain a decisive competitive advantage. 

In today’s digital landscape, equipping oneself with a powerful arsenal of state-of-the-art technologies can be the differentiating factor between triumph and failure in the business realm.

Enhanced operational effectiveness

Cutting edge technologies are meticulously crafted to deliver optimal, reliable, and expedited solutions to both emerging and persistent challenges. For businesses, embracing these new technologies equates to achieving more with less – in other words, bolstered efficiency.

One notable example of enhancing business efficiency is robotic process automation (RPA). By automating routine business processes using AI-driven tools, there are several noteworthy advantages. 

These include significant time savings on repetitive tasks, heightened productivity, eradication of human errors, and an overall improvement in business agility.

Gaining a cutting edge advantage

As highlighted in the recent KPMG 2022 CEO Outlook survey, business leaders recognize the critical importance of aligning investments with growth. 

A staggering, 70% of CEOs express the need for heightened agility to redirect investments towards digital opportunities while divesting from areas susceptible to digital obsolescence.

An impressive 72% of CEOs reveal their commitment to an assertive digital investment strategy, driven by the relentless pursuit of staying at the forefront of the technological race. 

These astute leaders comprehend the immense competitive advantage bestowed upon early adopters of technology within the business landscape.

Streamlined IT expenditures

An optimized digital and operational infrastructure inherently translates into diminished financial burdens. By embracing state-of-the-art technology, you can reap substantial savings on operational expenses. 

Furthermore, technology vendors frequently extend financial incentives to those who are early adopters, allowing businesses to secure cost-effective hardware and software solutions right from the outset.

What Are The Drawbacks of Cutting Edge Innovation?

Now that the notion of embracing cutting edge technology has sparked their interest, let’s take a moment to pause and reflect some cutting edge technology cons.

Things break

This is the primary challenge of cutting edge technology. Due to its limited track record, this type of technology might encounter an undesirable outcome – it breaks.

Imagine that businesses have just implemented a state-of-the-art software stack into your pipeline, one that holds the promise of transforming the company’s operations. Initially, everything runs flawlessly, and they are filled with anticipation.

However, out of nowhere, the technology suddenly fails. As a result, your business processes may come to a screeching halt, causing significant disruption.

Considering the potential consequences, can companies truly afford to endure such a level of risk in their production systems? Unlikely!

Less support

Simultaneously, when such issues arise and cutting edge technology breaks, enterprises may discover that the support available is significantly limited. The company responsible for developing that innovative technology might not have sufficient time to create comprehensive support documentation.

Additionally, due to its novelty, other businesses likely don’t have the opportunity to deploy and share their experiences or report any problems they encountered. Consequently, businesses may find yourself with limited options for seeking assistance, and even if help is accessible, it may not be as effective or beneficial as they expect.

No future proof

Cutting Edge Technology: Trends That Reshape The World In 2024

Lastly, and this aspect cannot be emphasized enough, no guarantee cutting edge software development will endure.

Despite being presented with enticing promises from the developing company regarding the prospects of this new software stack, there is always the possibility that the company may cease operations after six months or a year of usage or opt to shift away from their original vision.

In such circumstances, companies could find themselves right back where they started, facing the need to explore alternative solutions.

How to Adopt Advanced Technologies Without Risks?

To successfully embrace and integrate these new technologies, businesses should comprehend the process of implementation. Below are some pieces of advice to help businesses adopt new cutting edge technologies smoothly without risks.

Identify the problem

Gaining a clear understanding of your business goals and recognizing how technology can facilitate these goals is of utmost importance. Once companies have identified your goals, it’s time to embark on thorough research to explore the array of available technologies that can effectively assist you in attaining those objectives.

Implementation plan

This entails evaluating the costs involved in applying the technology, as well as carefully considering any potential risks associated with its adoption. Enterprises should review your existing infrastructure to ensure compatibility with the new technology being considered.

Furthermore, a comprehensive understanding of the training and support requirements associated with the new technology is vital for a successful integration process.

Cutting Edge Technology: Trends That Reshape The World In 2024

Create a timeline for implementation

The timeline should have all the important steps necessary for seamless implementation, including rigorous testing and inclusive training. Throughout this process, businesses should maintain open lines of communication, ensuring that all stakeholders are well-informed about the progress of the implementation.

Moreover, organizations should also regular updates on any challenges or impediments encountered along the way to keep everyone involved well-informed.

Monitor performance and usage

Lastly, once the technology has been implemented and thoroughly tested, companies have to monitor its performance and usage closely. You can do this by leveraging various metrics, including customer satisfaction surveys, usage statistics, and performance reports.

Such monitoring enables businesses to pinpoint potential areas for enhancement and make the necessary adjustments to maximize the benefits derived from the technology.

By diligently assessing its performance, businesses can identify opportunities for improvement and fine-tune the technology to optimize its functionality and overall effectiveness.

Cutting Edge Technology: Trends That Reshape The World In 2024

FAQs on Cutting Edge Technology

  1. What effects does cutting edge technology have on job markets?

Cutting edge technology frequently paves the way for the emergence of new job sectors, while simultaneously posing the risk of disrupting existing ones.

Automation and AI, for instance, can replace certain manual labor positions, yet they also open up fresh prospects in the fields of technology development and data analysis.

  1. Can cutting edge technology contribute to the widening of the digital divide?

Indeed, cutting edge technology has the potential to exacerbate the digital divide, particularly among individuals and communities with unequal access to the latest advancements. This divide is observable across various regions, socio-economic groups, and educational levels.

  1. What is the influence of cutting edge technology on environmental sustainability?

Cutting edge technology has a varied impact on environmental sustainability. Certain technologies, such as renewable energy systems, contribute significantly to advancing sustainability goals.

However, you’d better acknowledge that other technologies may inadvertently escalate energy consumption or generate electronic waste, thus presenting environmental challenges.

  1. How does ethics affect the development and deployment of cutting edge technology?

Ethics plays a critical role in steering the responsible development and implementation of cutting edge technology. It encompasses essential aspects such as privacy, security, fairness, and the potential societal ramifications of the technology in question.

By carefully considering these ethical dimensions, we can ensure that technological advancements align with our values and have a positive impact on society.

  1. How do cutting edge technologies affect business?

Cutting-edge technologies can significantly enhance productivity and efficiency, leading to cost reductions and improved profit margins. They can empower businesses to become more competitive in their respective industries.

Moreover, innovative technological advancements can enable the possibility of products that were previously unattainable using older technologies. By embracing these cutting-edge solutions, businesses can unlock new chances and stay at the forefront of innovation.

The Future of Cutting Edge Technologies

As time progresses, technology continues to advance at an unprecedented pace. Technology has become an important asset in our lives, and it’s hard to imagine a world without it.

Even the simplest tasks, like making a phone call or traveling by airplane, have become possible through the wonders of technology. In the year 2025, we can witness a plethora of emerging technologies that are remarkably advanced and possess the potential to reshape our world.

In this article, we have delved into the top cutting edge technology trends that are worth mastering in 2025.

We hope this article has provided valuable insights into the cutting-edge technologies set to make a significant impact in 2025 and beyond.

LQA stands as a prominent IT outsourcing service that extends its services across the USA, South Korea and Japan. Committed to excellence, we specialize in delivering comprehensive IT solutions

With an unwavering focus on meeting specific business requirements, we also excels in implementing cutting edge technologies to enhance overall functionality.

To discuss your requirements and elevate your software to new heights, contact us now!

  • Website: https://www.lotus-qa.com/
  • Tel: (+84) 24-6660-7474
  • Mail: [email protected]
  • Fanpage: https://www.linkedin.com/company/lqa/

Security Testing And What You Might Not Know

Pretend that you wake up and find out your bank account emptied, your social media accounts compromised, and your personal information exposed on the dark web.

Sadly, this nightmare unfolds for countless persons each year due to cyberattacks.

But what if there was a way to thwart these attacks before they even occur? That’s when security testing comes to life.

In this article, let’s discover what is security testing, its types, its fundamental principles, and invaluable best practices. Brace yourself for an immersive journey into the world of safeguarding digital landscapes.

What Is Security Testing?

This is security testing definition: Security testing assesses software vulnerabilities and gauges the impact of malevolent or unforeseen inputs on its functionality.

By subjecting systems to rigorous security testing, organizations obtain crucial evidence regarding the safety, reliability, and resilience of their software, ensuring that unauthorized inputs are not accepted.

Software security testing falls under the umbrella of non-functional testing, it’s different from the functional testing that evaluates the proper functioning of software features (“what” the software does).

In contrast, non-functional testing concentrates on verifying whether the application’s design and configuration are effective and secure.

Benefits Of Security Testing

Some benefits of security testing – an aspect of software testing include:

Security Testing And What You Might Not Know

  • Safeguarding sensitive data: Through meticulous evaluation, security testing shields confidential and sensitive information from unauthorized access, disclosure, or theft, providing a robust defense against potential breaches.
  • Preventing security breaches: By unearthing vulnerabilities and weaknesses in the system, security testing acts as a proactive measure, thwarting security breaches and unauthorized intrusions that could compromise sensitive data’s sanctity.
  • Upholding trust: Security testing plays a pivotal role in cultivating and preserving the trust of customers, clients, and users. By affirming the system’s security and safeguarding its information, it establishes a solid foundation of trustworthiness.
  • Ensuring compliance: Various industries and organizations operate under stringent regulatory frameworks that mandate specific security measures. Security testing ensures adherence to these regulations, demonstrating compliance and mitigating potential risks and penalties.
  • Enhancing system reliability: Security testing identifies and rectifies security weaknesses that may trigger system failures or crashes. By bolstering system resilience, it enhances overall reliability and minimizes disruptions.

In general, security testing assumes a crucial role in protecting sensitive data, upholding trust, meeting compliance requirements, and elevating system reliability.

Main Types Of Security Testing

Now, let’s embark on some security testing types in the realm of software testing. By skillfully combining these security testing methodologies, you can fortify your software, safeguarding it against potential cyber-attacks and ensuring a robust security posture.

Security Testing And What You Might Not Know

  • Vulnerability scanning

One of the prominent security testing types is vulnerability scanning. It entails scrutinizing your software for known vulnerabilities or weaknesses. This method employs automated security testing tools to uncover potential security flaws, such as outdated software components, weak passwords, or insecure network configurations. By identifying these weaknesses in advance, vulnerability scanning helps preemptively address security gaps before malicious actors can exploit them.

  • Penetration testing

Or “pen testing,” penetration testing simulates real-world attacks on your software to uncover vulnerabilities and weaknesses. Ethical hackers or security professionals replicate the tactics employed by potential attackers, aiming to exploit security loopholes.

This security testing type focuses on scrutinizing authentication and authorization flaws, network configuration vulnerabilities (e.g., open ports, unencrypted traffic), and application logic flaws that arise from how your software handles user inputs or executes specific actions.

  • Risk assessment

Risk assessment involves a meticulous examination of potential threats to your software, evaluating both their likelihood and potential negative impacts. This security testing approach encompasses analyzing the software’s architecture, design, and implementation to identify security risks, such as data breaches, denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, or malware and viruses.

Through risk assessment, you can better understand the vulnerabilities and receive recommendations to enhance your software’s security, empowering you to proactively tackle potential issues.

  • Ethical hacking

Ethical hacking is similar to penetration testing as it involves emulating real-world attacks on your software. However, ethical hacking offers a distinct advantage by uncovering vulnerabilities that may elude other security testing approaches.

This security testing type includes assessing risks associated with phishing attacks, social engineering exploits, and physical security breaches. By engaging in ethical hacking, you can obtain a more comprehensive evaluation of your software’s security, including a broader spectrum of attack scenarios.

  • Security scanning

Security scanning leverages automated tools to scrutinize software for potential security vulnerabilities. These tools for security testing can range from software-based to hardware-based scanners, proficient in detecting an extensive array of security issues.

Examples of such vulnerabilities include SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), and buffer overflow attacks. Moreover, security scanning aids in adhering to industry standards and regulations governing software security.

While security scanning serves as a valuable tool for identifying potential security weaknesses, it should not be solely relied upon. This is because security scanning tools may not capture all software vulnerabilities and can produce false positives or negatives.

Therefore, you should complement security scanning with other impactful security testing methodology, such as penetration testing and risk assessment. By amalgamating these approaches, you can attain a holistic and comprehensive evaluation of your software’s security posture.

  • Posture assessment

A meticulous evaluation of your software’s overall security posture is conducted through posture assessment. This form of security testing entails a thorough review of your software’s security policies and procedures, intending to identify any vulnerabilities or loopholes.

During the posture assessment, experienced security experts examine your access controls and software endpoints, providing valuable insights to help prevent targeted malicious attacks on your software.

The assessment catalyzes invaluable best practices in both operational and tactical aspects, ensuring that your organization’s security posture remains resilient and impervious to potential weaknesses, whether originating from IT service providers or third parties.

Security Testing And What You Might Not Know

Moreover, posture assessment carries a review of your software’s incident response plan. This ensures the presence of appropriate procedures to effectively respond to security incidents.

Testing your ability to detect and respond to security breaches, and evaluating your capacity to recover from a security breach, are integral components of this assessment.

By conducting a comprehensive security posture assessment, you can proactively identify areas for improvement, fortify your defenses, and establish robust incident response mechanisms, thus safeguarding your software and mitigating potential security risks.

  • Security auditing

Security auditing entails a comprehensive assessment of the design, implementation, and operational processes of your software to identify any gaps in your security controls.

When conducting security audits, you should initiate the process by clearly defining the scope, objective, and outlining the purpose, goals, and anticipated audit outcomes.

The next step involves collecting pertinent information about the software’s architecture, design, and implementation to pinpoint potential areas of weakness.

This can be achieved through a meticulous review of the software’s documentation, engaging in interviews with key stakeholders, and complementing the process with vulnerability scans and penetration testing.

Throughout the auditing process, identify and prioritize potential security weaknesses, vulnerabilities, and gaps in security controls. Based on the audit results, there will be some comprehensive recommendations to address the identified threats and enhance your security controls.

Security Testing Tools

Below are some software security testing tools

Static application security testing (SAST)

SAST tools perform an analysis of the source code in its static state. The primary objective of SAST is to detect potential vulnerabilities that can be exploited, offering a comprehensive report comprising detailed findings and corresponding recommendations.

By utilizing SAST, you can proactively identify and address various issues within the source code. These issues may include inadequate input validation, numerical errors, path traversals, and race conditions.

While SAST primarily focuses on source code analysis, you can apply it to compiled code, albeit with the use of binary analyzers.

Dynamic application security testing (DAST)

DAST tools specialize in scrutinizing applications while they are actively running. Their main objective is to identify potential vulnerabilities that can be exploited, employing a diverse array of attacks.

DAST tools frequently utilize fuzzing techniques, bombarding the application with numerous known invalid errors and unexpected test cases. This intensive approach means uncovering specific conditions in which the application may be susceptible to exploitation.

DAST checks cover a broad spectrum of components, including scripting, sessions, data injection, authentication, interfaces, responses, and requests. By running DAST assessments, you can gain insights into the security posture of these critical aspects, ensuring the robustness and resilience of your application.

Interactive application security testing (IAST)

IAST tools leverage a synergistic blend of static and dynamic testing methodologies, forming a powerful hybrid testing process. The primary objective is to determine whether known vulnerabilities present in the source code can be exploited during runtime.

By incorporating both static and dynamic analysis, IAST tools can minimize false positives, enhancing the accuracy of vulnerability detection.

IAST tools employ a combination of advanced attack scenarios, using pre-collected information about the data flow and application flow. Through iterative cycles of dynamic analysis, these tools continuously gather insights about the application’s behavior and response to various test cases.

This dynamic learning process enables the IAST tool to refine its understanding of the application’s vulnerabilities and may even generate new test cases to gain further insights.

By harnessing the capabilities of IAST tools, organizations can conduct comprehensive and intelligent testing, ensuring a more precise assessment of their application’s security posture during runtime.

Software composition analysis (SCA)

Software Component Analysis (SCA) is a cutting-edge technology designed to oversee and fortify open-source components in software systems. It empowers development teams to efficiently monitor and evaluate the utilization of open-source components in their projects.

SCA tools possess the capability to identify all pertinent components, including their supporting libraries, direct and indirect dependencies. Within each component, these tools can pinpoint vulnerabilities and recommend appropriate remediation measures.

By conducting thorough scanning, SCA generates a comprehensive Bill of Materials (BOM), presenting a detailed inventory of the software assets employed in the project.

Security Testing’s Key Principles

When engaging in any form of IT sec testing, whether it is web security testing, application security testing, data security testing, or others, you must adhere to the following fundamental principles.

  • Confidentiality

Access control covers a set of regulations designed to ensure that information is accessible and handled solely by authorized entities. By implementing robust security measures, organizations can safeguard private and confidential information, preventing unauthorized access or exposure to inappropriate parties.

Essentially, access is restricted to authorized personnel, ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of sensitive data.

  • Integrity

Data integrity revolves around upholding trust, consistency, and accuracy of information. Its primary objective is to facilitate the secure and accurate transfer of data from the sender to the intended receiver.

By implementing data integrity measures, organizations ensure that data remains unaltered by unauthorized entities, preserving its integrity throughout its lifecycle.

Security Testing And What You Might Not Know

  • Authentication

User authentication is a vital process that verifies individuals’ identity, establishing confidence in their access to systems or information. It ensures that users can trust the authenticity and reliability of information received from a recognized and trusted source.

  • Authorization

Role-based authorization is a system where a user is granted specific access rights based on their designated role. This security testing principal ensures that users are authorized to perform tasks and access resources that align with their assigned roles and responsibilities.

  • Availability

Information availability involves ensuring that data is readily accessible when needed by authorized individuals. This entails maintaining hardware infrastructure, promptly addressing hardware repairs, ensuring the smooth functioning of operating software, and safeguarding all data to prevent any disruptions in availability.

  • Non – Repudiation

“Repudiation” means rejecting or denying something. Non-repudiation ensures that the creator or sender of a message or document cannot later deny its originality or authenticity, guaranteeing its undeniable origin and validity.

  • CIA or AIC 

Confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CIA) form the cornerstone of an information security model used to establish robust policies in organizations.

Test Scenarios for Security Testing

Here are a few illustrative software security test scenarios to provide you with a glimpse of potential test cases:

  • Validate password encryption to ensure secure storage.
  • Verify the system’s ability to block unauthorized users from accessing the application or system.
  • Assess the handling of cookies and session timeouts in the application.
  • Evaluate the prevention of browser back button functionality on financial websites.

Note that these are merely sample scenarios, and a comprehensive security testing strategy would have a broader range of test cases tailored to your specific requirements.

Approaches To Follow While Doing Security Testing

Security testing holds various methodologies, which are as follows:

Black Box Testing

Black box testing involves evaluating the security of a system from an external perspective, without knowledge of its internal workings or response generation processes.

The system is treated as an opaque entity, with only inputs and outputs observable. In certain cases, the tester intentionally disregards the internal structure, even if it’s understandable.

Black box testing ensures a clear separation between the tester and the code creator. It compels the tester to approach the software from an outsider’s standpoint, simulating how an attacker might perceive and exploit it.

The social and technical detachment between testing and software development empowers the tester to challenge the creator by manipulating the application in ways the developer may not have anticipated.

White Box Testing

White box testing involves the creation of test cases and conducting tests based on the software’s source code. Unlike black box or gray box testing (where the tester possesses limited knowledge about the code structure), in white box testing, the tester has a thorough understanding of the code’s structure.

This technique also means clear, transparent, or glass box testing due to its emphasis on code observability.

White box testing primarily focuses on examining the internal workings and software components of an application to assess its design and structure from within. Testing teams can employ this technique for conducting system, integration, and unit tests.

Gray Box Testing

Gray box testing performs a fusion of white box and black box testing methodologies.

While black box testing entails working with a test object of unknown internal structure and white box testing requires full knowledge of the application’s internal workings, gray box testing involves the tester having a partial understanding of the system’s internal structure.

Testers in gray box testing rely on a limited comprehension of the underlying architecture and code to design their tests. The test object is thus considered semi-transparent or “gray.”

This approach combines the targeted code examination of white box testing with the innovative and diverse approaches of black box testing, such as functional and regression testing. Gray box testers can simultaneously evaluate both the software’s user interface and internal mechanisms.

How To Perform Security Testing Successfully?

Implementing effective computer security testing is essential for early detection and mitigation of vulnerabilities in your software development lifecycle. To ensure precise and accurate security testing in software testing, you should follow the best practices that guarantee a comprehensive, efficient, and effective process.

The following key practices can assist you in achieving these objectives:

Be proactive, not reactive

Take a proactive approach to security testing and avoid waiting until an attack occur. Regularly conduct comprehensive testing of your systems to quickly identify and resolve vulnerabilities before they can be exploited by attackers.

Use a range of automated security testing tools to scan your systems periodically, ensuring thorough vulnerability assessments. If needed, don’t hesitate to seek assistance from specialized vendors that can conduct penetration tests on your systems.

Adopt an attacker’s mindset and consider the most probable methods through which your systems could be breached. By understanding these potential vulnerabilities, you can concentrate your efforts on fortifying those specific areas.

Identify the security requirements

Before initiating security testing, establish the security requirements specific to your software. This ensures that the testing process focuses on the most critical security concerns.

To identify these requirements, begin by reviewing pertinent security policies and regulatory standards applicable to your software. These may include industry-specific regulations like HIPAA or PCI DSS, as well as broader security standards such as ISO 27001 or NIST SP 800-53.

By adhering to these guidelines, you can effectively align your security testing with the relevant industry and regulatory frameworks.

Proceed by evaluating the software’s risk profile to ascertain the potential consequences and likelihood of various security threats and attacks. This evaluation may involve undertaking a threat modeling exercise or a comprehensive risk assessment to identify and prioritize security risks effectively.

Subsequently, define precise security requirements that align with the identified risks and relevant regulations and standards. These requirements should possess clarity, measurability, and testability.

They should comprehensively address different dimensions of security, including confidentiality, integrity, availability, and non-repudiation. By establishing such requirements, you can ensure a robust and focused approach to safeguarding your software.

Use a variety of tools and techniques

To obtain a comprehensive understanding of your system’s security posture, you should employ a diverse range of testing methods. Relying on a single approach is insufficient to capture all vulnerabilities.

To identify security weaknesses in your application, you can use a combination of SAST (Static Application Security Testing), DAST (Dynamic Application Security Testing), and penetration testing.

SAST tools scrutinize source code for vulnerabilities, while DAST tools scan running applications to uncover potential weaknesses. Additionally, penetration testers simulate attacks on your application, helping to find and address security vulnerabilities through a proactive approach.

By leveraging these varied testing methods, you can enhance your systems’ overall security.

Security Testing And What You Might Not Know

Design security tests

Aligning with the established security requirements, formulate security tests focus on uncovering previously unidentified vulnerabilities and weaknesses. To create these tests, identify the specific types of security tests pertinent to your software, as previously discussed. Subsequently, determine the scope and objectives for each test.

Construct test cases and scenarios that replicate real-world attacks. Consider the potential consequences and likelihood of each vulnerability, and prioritize testing endeavors accordingly based on risk assessment.

Conclude by documenting the test plan and sharing it with stakeholders for feedback and approval. Incorporate revisions to the plan based on received feedback, ensuring its readiness for execution.

Execute security tests

During the execution of security tests, don’t forget to meticulously adhere to the devised plan to ensure precise and thorough testing. Take diligent note of any encountered issues throughout the testing phase, and document them for subsequent analysis.

Employ a systematic approach to guarantee all tests completion, leaving no vulnerabilities overlooked.

To streamline the workflow during security testing, contemplate the utilization of automated security testing tools. These tools facilitate the testing process and generate comprehensive reports on identified vulnerabilities and weaknesses. By leveraging such tools, you can save time and maintain consistency in test execution.

Furthermore, involve your development teams and security experts in the testing process to ensure comprehensive coverage of potential issues. Their expertise and collaboration will contribute to addressing any identified concerns effectively.

Analyze the results

A thorough analysis of security test results is a vital aspect of the software security testing process. This entails carefully checking the collected testing data to find out any potential security concerns that require attention.

To carry out an effective analysis of security test results, you should document the testing outcomes with precision and comprehensiveness. This documentation serves as a foundation for in-depth examination and evaluation of the identified security issues.

Comprehensive documentation should encompass extensive information regarding the conducted tests, obtained results, and any discovered issues or vulnerabilities throughout the testing phase.

This documentation plays a vital role in assessing the severity and prioritization of each identified concern, as well as devising a robust plan for their resolution.

In addition, actively seek feedback from industry professionals, as their expertise and insights can contribute to the development of effective strategies for addressing the identified vulnerabilities. Collaborating with these experts ensures a well-informed and strategic approach to resolving the security issues at hand.

Security Testing And What You Might Not Know

Address and fix the vulnerabilities

Upon identification of potential vulnerabilities, you should promptly address them to establish robust software security. When addressing these vulnerabilities, you should determine prioritization by their severity and potential impact on the software’s security.

Critical vulnerabilities demand immediate attention, followed by those of medium and low severity. Developing a comprehensive remediation plan that have all identified vulnerabilities and includes a timeline for completion is quite important.

Furthermore, ensure the use of secure coding practices while resolving vulnerabilities. Implement measures like input validation and output sanitization to prevent similar vulnerabilities in the future.

By adopting these practices, you protect the software’s resilience against potential security risks.

Focus on the high-risk areas

Vulnerabilities are various, with certain ones posing greater risks to your systems. Hence, you should concentrate your testing endeavors on higher risk level areas.

Using a risk assessment tool can address these high-risk areas within your systems. Armed with this knowledge, you can allocate your efforts accordingly and prioritize testing in those specific areas.

However, remember to not overlook the low-risk areas. Attackers can exploit even vulnerabilities with lower risk levels if they are skillfully combined. Therefore, comprehensive testing should include all areas, ensuring a thorough evaluation of potential vulnerabilities.

Security Testing And What You Might Not Know

Automate the process

Efficiently automating security testing is vital, considering the time and cost implications associated with manual security testing.

One effective approach is to leverage CI/CD pipelines, which automate the entire testing process. These pipelines facilitate the seamless building, testing, and deployment of software applications.

By integrating security testing tools into your CI/CD pipeline, you can automatically scan both your code and running applications for potential vulnerabilities. This automation significantly streamlines the testing process, enhancing efficiency and effectiveness.

Retest

After addressing the vulnerabilities, you should conduct retesting the software to verify the effectiveness of the fixes. This step will prevent the inadvertent creation of new vulnerabilities during the remediation process.

During the retesting phase, adhere to the established testing plan and procedures from the previous testing phase. Whenever possible, maintain consistency by employing the same testing tool.

It is worth noting that retesting should not be limited to software fixes alone; perform it after any modifications or updates to the software. By conducting thorough retesting, you ensure the continued security and stability of the software after changes or improvements.

Report

Communicate the results of security testing to stakeholders, ensuring their awareness of any potential security concerns, and the corresponding measures taken to mitigate them.

To create impactful security testing reports, employ clear and concise language that avoids excessive technical jargon.

In addition, you should also add a comprehensive summary of findings in the report. This summary provides an overview of the testing process, highlights key findings, and offers recommendations for remediation.

This summary serves as a valuable starting point for further discussions and decision-making among stakeholders.

Incorporating supporting evidence such as screenshots, log files, and vulnerability reports enhances the credibility of the report and enables stakeholders to grasp the severity of vulnerabilities.

These tangible pieces of evidence bolster the report’s credibility and aid stakeholders in comprehending the significance of identified vulnerabilities.

Lastly, ensure the inclusion of actionable recommendations that stakeholders can implement as part of their security measures. These practical suggestions empower stakeholders to take concrete steps in detecting the highlighted security concerns.

FAQ

What is security testing?

Security testing involves the meticulous identification and elimination of software weaknesses that could potentially ruin a company’s infrastructure system. By proactively addressing these vulnerabilities, we can brace the software’s resilience against attacks.

How is security testing different from software testing?

Distinguishing itself from other software testing practices, security testing focuses on uncovering vulnerabilities that hackers can exploit to infiltrate systems. Unlike other testing methodologies that primarily target functional deficiencies, security testing specifically aims to safeguard against unauthorized access and potential breaches.

Can security testing be automated?

Absolutely, automation is indeed possible. A diverse range of tools exists specifically designed to scan and detect vulnerabilities in code, web applications, and networks.

These tools play a significant role in enhancing system and application security by swiftly identifying and resolving vulnerabilities, thereby thwarting potential exploitation by attackers.

Nevertheless, you should acknowledge that automated tests cannot entirely replace manual testing. Manual testing identifies and addresses vulnerabilities that automated tools may overlook.

The combination of both automated and manual testing ensures an extensive approach to security testing, minimizing the risk of undetected vulnerabilities.

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Difference between QA and security testing

QA testing primarily focuses on verifying that software adheres to its functional requirements and performs as intended. QA testers approach software testing from the perspective of an average user, ensuring its usability and meeting user expectations.

On the other hand, security testing focuses on proactively identifying and resolving vulnerabilities in software that could be exploited by malicious attackers. Security testers adopt the mindset of a potential adversary, simulating attack scenarios to uncover weaknesses and fortify the software’s security.

QA testing cannot substitute for security testing. Even if software successfully passes all QA tests, it may still harbor undetected security vulnerabilities.

Therefore, conducting thorough security testing is essential to identify and rectify these vulnerabilities before the software is released to the public, ensuring a robust and secure product.

Conclusion

In the realm of software engineering, safeguarding data is important, making system security testing indispensable. Among the various testing practices, security testing takes precedence as it guarantees the confidentiality of personal information.

In this testing approach, one assumes the role of an attacker, meticulously examining the system to unveil any security vulnerabilities.

However, conducting such tests manually consumes substantial resources in terms of time, finances, and personnel. Therefore, transitioning to automated testing is a prudent way forward.

In case you want to find an efficient software testing service provider, don’t hesitate to contact us:

Automated TestingBlogManual Testing

Non Functional Testing – Everything You Need To Know

Non functional testing and functional testing are both vital to ensure that your product operates as intended. Non functional testing examines aspects that go beyond functionality. It guarantees a superior level of product quality, performance, and usability, which can improve user satisfaction.

Within this blog post, we will provide a comprehensive definition of non functional testing. Furthermore, we will explore a range of examples showcasing non functional tests, shedding light on the specific areas they assess.

Additionally, we will guide you on the most effective approach to aligning non functional testing with your business objectives and user requirements, enabling your business to deliver a remarkable product that fulfills both functional and non functional testing expectations.

What Is Non Functional Testing?

Non functional testing is a critical software testing methodology that assesses an application’s non functional components, encompassing usability, performance, scalability, reliability, security, compatibility, and more.

→ Take a look at: LQA’s software testing services

Non functional testing focuses on ensuring the overall product quality rather than merely examining its features. You have to understand the significant impact that non functional testing has on a product.

Non Functional Testing - Everything You Need To Know

In the realm of software development, non functional testing has equal importance to functional testing. Without it, a system may exhibit flawless performance in a controlled environment and encounter significant failures when confronted with real-world conditions.

Why Use Non Functional Testing?

Functional and non functional testing are both crucial for any software. Functional testing ensures the correct functioning of internal features, while non functional testing evaluates how well the software performs in the external environment.

Non functional testing plays a vital role in examining various aspects such as performance, stability, responsiveness, portability, and more. It involves assessing the software’s installation, setup, and execution.

By gathering measurements and metrics, non functional testing facilitates internal research and development efforts. It provides valuable insights into the software’s behavior and the technologies employed. Moreover, it helps mitigate production risks and reduces associated software costs.

Non Functional Testing Characteristics

The essential traits of non functional testing include:

  • Non functional testing necessitates quantifiable metrics. Therefore, using subjective terms such as “good,” “better,” or “best” is not appropriate for this type of testing.
  • During the initial stages of the requirement process, it may be challenging to ascertain precise figures.
  • Giving priority to the requirements holds immense significance in non functional testing.

Non Functional Testing Types

The following are the prevalent types of non functional testing:

1. Performance testing

Performance testing aims to identify and address the factors that contribute to slow and constrained software performance. The software must exhibit fast response times, ensuring an efficient user experience.

To conduct effective performance testing, businesses should establish a well-defined and specific set of requirements regarding the desired speed. Without clear specifications, it’s hard to determine whether the test results indicate success or failure.

For instance, if 1000 users access an application together, the load time should not exceed 5 seconds.

Tools used: LoadRunner, Apache JMeter, WebLOAD.

2. Load testing

We use load testing to evaluate the system’s capacity to handle increasing concurrent users. It specifically assesses the system’s loading capability and its ability to cope with higher user loads. By simulating real-world scenarios, load testing helps identify potential bottlenecks and performance issues under heavy usage.

To gauge a website’s speed and performance, you can run a quick website speed test, which provides insights into the website’s speed scores. This helps measure the website’s responsiveness and overall user experience.

Tools used: Neoload, Load Multiplier.

3. Security testing

Security testing is employed to identify a software application’s vulnerabilities and weaknesses. This type of testing involves examining the system’s design and adopting the mindset of a potential attacker.

By scrutinizing the application’s code, and potential attack vectors, security testers can pinpoint areas where an attack is most likely to occur. This knowledge is then used to create targeted and effective test cases that assess the application’s resilience against potential security breaches.

Tools Used: ImmuniWeb, Vega, Wapiti

Non Functional Testing - Everything You Need To Know

4. Portability testing

Portability testing focuses on assessing the software’s capability to operate seamlessly across multiple operating systems without encountering any bugs or compatibility issues.

Additionally, this testing also examines the software’s functionality when deployed on the same operating system but with different hardware configurations. By conducting portability testing, one can ensure that the software performs consistently and reliably across various environments, enhancing its usability and flexibility.

Tools Used: SQLMap.

5. Accountability testing

Accountability testing plays a crucial role in determining the correctness of system functionality. The primary objective is to ensure that each function in the system consistently produces the expected outcome for which it was designed.

If the system generates the desired results, it passes the accountability test; however, if it fails to do so, it indicates a potential flaw or malfunction in the system’s functionality.

By conducting thorough accountability testing, one can effectively assess and validate the system’s performance and its ability to meet the intended objectives.

Tools Used: Mentimeter.

6. Reliability testing

Reliability testing is based on the premise that the software system runs without errors within predefined parameters. It involves running the system for a specified duration and several processes to assess its reliability.

The reliability test is considered unsuccessful if the system fails under predetermined circumstances.

For instance, in the case of a website, all web pages and links should be dependable and function reliably. If the system exhibits issues or malfunctions, such as broken links or errors, during the reliability test, it indicates a failure to meet the expected reliability standards.

By conducting reliability testing, one can evaluate the system’s ability to consistently operate as intended and identify any potential weaknesses or areas for improvement in terms of reliability and error-free performance.

Tools Used: Test-retest, Inter-rater.

Non Functional Testing - Everything You Need To Know

7. Efficiency testing

Efficiency testing examines the utilization of resources during a software system’s construction, assessing both the actual resources employed and the ones required. This type of testing aims to determine the efficiency and optimization of resource usage throughout the software development process.

By analyzing resource consumption, such as CPU usage, memory utilization, or network bandwidth, efficiency testing provides insights into the software system’s resource requirements and helps identify potential areas for improvement in resource allocation and utilization.

Tools Used: WebLOAD, LoadNinja.

8. Volume testing

Volume testing, also referred to as flood testing, is a type of software testing that entails subjecting the software to a substantial amount of data. Its purpose is to evaluate the system’s performance by increasing the volume of data in the database.

By simulating scenarios with a large and often excessive amount of data, volume testing helps assess the system’s ability to handle and process such data loads without compromising its performance or stability.

This type of testing ensures that the software can effectively manage and scale with growing data volumes, thus preventing any potential bottlenecks or performance issues.

Tools Used: HammerDB, JdbcSlim.

9. Recovery Testing

Recovery testing assesses an application’s resilience in recovering from crashes, hardware failures, and similar issues.

By intentionally breaking the software through simulated scenarios, recovery testing aids in identifying vulnerabilities and weaknesses in the recovery mechanisms. This type of testing helps make sure that the application can gracefully handle unexpected failures, quickly restore functionality, and minimize any potential data loss or system downtime.

Tools Used: Box Backup, Bacula.

Non Functional Testing - Everything You Need To Know

10. Responsive testing

Responsive testing enables you to evaluate your design across a range of screen widths, providing a more authentic assessment of its adaptability rather than relying solely on predetermined screen sizes.

By utilizing specialized tools, you can test your website’s responsiveness by adjusting the screen width dynamically after entering the website’s URL.

This allows you to observe how your user interface adapts and adjusts in real-time to accommodate different screen sizes.

The primary objective of evaluating responsive websites is to ensure a seamless and friendly user experience across various digital devices. By conducting responsive testing, we can ensure that websites and applications deliver a smooth and consistent experience to users, regardless of the device they are using.

Tools Used: Responsinator, Screenfly, Google DevTools Device Mode.

11. Visual testing

One way to address issues is using visual testing (or visual UI testing). This type of testing focuses on validating whether the software user interface (UI) is displayed correctly to every user.

Visual tests meticulously examine each element on a web page to ensure they have the proper shape, size, and placement as intended. By comparing the application’s visible output to the expected design outcomes, visual testing helps identify “visual bugs” that may exist, separate from functional bugs that affect the software’s overall functionality.

In essence, visual testing plays a crucial role in detecting any discrepancies or issues related to a page or screen’s appearance and presentation.

Tools Used: Percy, PhantomCSS, FBSnapshotTestCase, Gemini, Needle (Uses Python).

Non Functional Testing - Everything You Need To Know

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Non Functional Testing Parameters

Let’s delve into these parameters and examine them in detail:

Non Functional Testing - Everything You Need To Know

  • Security: The security parameter establishes the level of protection a system has against both intended and unintended attacks originating from internal or external sources. Security testing is conducted to assess and verify this protection.
  • Reliability: The reliability parameter examines a system’s capability to perform its intended functions consistently, without any failures over a specific duration. Using reliability testing to evaluate and validate this ability.
  • Survivability: The survivability parameter determines a product’s capacity to maintain its operation and recover from failures or disruptions. We use recovery testing to assess and validate this ability.
  • Availability: The availability parameter determines the level of reliability and consistency a user can expect from a system and its functionalities during operation. We use stability testing to measure and evaluate this parameter.
  • Usability: The usability parameter gauges the user’s ease of interaction with a product, including learning, operating, and input/output preparation. Usability testing is employed to evaluate this aspect and ensure optimal user experience.
  • Scalability: Scalability assesses a system’s capability to adjust its performance in response to varying workloads without compromising its effectiveness. Scalability testing is used to evaluate this ability and ensure optimal performance.
  • Interoperability: The interoperability parameter determines a system’s capacity to interface with other software systems smoothly. Interoperability testing is conducted to verify this ability and ensure smooth integration.
  • Efficiency: Efficiency measures the software system’s ability to handle volume, capacity, and response time effectively.
  • Flexibility: Flexibility refers to the application’s continuous operation across a wide range of hardware and software configurations. For instance, most applications have specific minimum RAM and CPU requirements to ensure proper functionality.
  • Portability: Portability refers to the ease with which an application can transit from one hardware or software environment to another.
  • Reusability: Reusability denotes a component or module in a software system that can be utilized in multiple applications.

Best Practices Of Non Functional Testing

To achieve effective non functional testing, you should take certain best practices into account. 

  • Early engagement: Engage in non functional test activities starting from the early phases of the software development life cycle (SDLC). Collaborate closely with stakeholders, architects, and developers to comprehend non functional requirements and incorporate them into the system design.
  • Well-defined goals: Establish precise and measurable objectives for non functional testing. Set clear targets for performance, security, usability, and other non functional aspects to guide the testing process and provide a basis for evaluation.
  • Realistic test environment: Set up a test environment that resembles the production environment. Use representative hardware, software, network configurations, and data volumes to ensure accurate analysis of performance and behavior.
  • Test automation: Employ test automation tools and frameworks to streamline and expedite non functional testing. Automation facilitates the simulation of user loads, generation of consistent test data, and execution of repetitive tasks, resulting in more efficient and dependable testing.

Non Functional Testing - Everything You Need To Know

→ Don’t miss: 10 BEST Automation Testing Companies Worldwide in 2023

  • Monitoring and performance metrics: Implement robust monitoring mechanisms throughout testing to capture performance metrics such as response times, resource utilization, throughput, and error rates. These metrics provide valuable insights into system behavior, aid in identifying bottlenecks, and facilitate performance analysis.
  • Risk-based testing: Prioritize non functional test cases based on risk analysis and their impact on business operations. Give attention to critical functionalities, high-risk areas, and cases that are likely to lead to performance degradation, security vulnerabilities, or usability issues.
  • Continuous improvement: Foster a culture of ongoing improvement by leveraging insights from testing experiences and incorporating feedback into subsequent iterations. Capture lessons learned, update documentation, and refine testing strategies based on the knowledge gained during non functional testing.

These practices represent only a fraction of the existing methods for efficient non functional testing. By adhering to them, organizations can conduct effective non functional testing to ensure optimal performance, security, usability, and other non functional attributes of their software systems.

Examples Of Non Functional Testing

To gain a better understanding of this concept, let’s explore some examples of non functional testing across different types. The table below illustrates a range of non functional test cases specifically for web applications.

Non Functional Testing - Everything You Need To Know

How To Align Non Functional Testing With Business Goals And User Needs?

Here are some valuable tips to seamlessly align non functional testing with your business objectives and user requirements.

Understand the context

Before commencing non functional testing, you should comprehend the project context, your intended audience, and your business goals.

What are your users’ and clients’ expectations and demands? What are your domain’s and environment’s risks and challenges? Which standards and regulations apply to your software?

Addressing these queries will assist in defining the scope, criteria, and priorities for your non functional testing.

Choose the right techniques

Non functional testing is not a one-size-fits-all approach. Depending on the context, different techniques and tools may be required to measure and evaluate the non functional aspects of your software.

For instance, we use load testing, stress testing, and endurance testing to assess system performance under varying levels of demand. Usability testing, accessibility testing, and user experience testing can be utilized to evaluate user satisfaction and convenience.

Security testing, penetration testing, and vulnerability testing can help identify and mitigate potential threats and breaches. Maintainability testing, portability testing, and compatibility testing ensure software adaptability and interoperability.

Non Functional Testing - Everything You Need To Know

Align with functional testing

Non functional testing should not be treated as a standalone or separate activity from functional testing. Instead, it should be integrated and harmonized with functional testing throughout the software development life cycle.

This approach ensures the relevance, consistency, and comprehensiveness of nonfunctional testing while avoiding duplication, confusion, and conflicts with functional testing.

For instance, leveraging test automation allows for efficient and effective execution of both functional and non functional testing.

Additionally, incorporating non functional requirements and specifications into test cases and code through test-driven development, or behavior-driven development further enhances the integration of non functional aspects.

Communicate the results

Non functional testing goes beyond simply identifying and addressing defects. It also offers valuable insights and feedback to stakeholders and users. Therefore, you should communicate the results of non functional testing in a clear, concise, and persuasive manner.

You can apply various methods and formats to present and report non functional testing results, including graphs, charts, dashboards, metrics, or narratives. Additionally, different channels and platforms can be used to share and discuss these results, such as emails, meetings, demos, or blogs.

The key is to emphasize the benefits and impacts of non functional testing on business goals and user requirements.

Learn and improve

Non functional testing is not a one-off or stagnant endeavor. It’s an ongoing and dynamic process that necessitates continual learning and improvement. Regular and frequent monitoring and measurement of software performance and quality are essential.

→ Read more:

Furthermore, you should review and update non functional testing strategies and techniques in response to the evolving needs and expectations of stakeholders and users. You can apply range of sources and methods, such as surveys, interviews, reviews, or analytics to collect and analyze feedback and data.

Additionally, leveraging various tools and frameworks, such as DevOps, Agile, or Lean, can provide support and enhance non functional testing efforts.

Differences Between Functional And Non Functional Testing Requirements

Let take a quick look at some differences between nonfunctional testing and functional testing:

Non Functional Testing - Everything You Need To Know

FAQ

What is functional vs non functional testing?

Functional testing ensures that the application works as intended. In contrast, non functional testing evaluates the application’s efficiency, performance, security, scalability, reliability, and portability.

What are non functional testing examples?

Non functional testing focuses on evaluating the non functional aspects of the product. To gain a clearer understanding, consider the following examples:

  • Validate that the application’s dashboard loads within 5 seconds upon login.
  • Ensure that email notifications are dispatched within 3 minutes.
  • Verify that the application supports concurrent login by 500 users simultaneously.

What are the challenges of non functional testing?

Below are several risks related to non functional testing:

  • Risk #1: Performance bottlenecks.
  • Risk #2: Security vulnerabilities.
  • Risk #3: Subpar user experience.
  • Risk #4: Compatibility issues.
  • Risk #5: Scalability challenges.

What will happen if non functional requirements are ignored?

Neglecting non functional requirements (NFRs) can significantly affect the adoption of the system, leading to various consequences.

These include the system’s inability to scale up to meet customer demands, sluggish performance resulting in unresponsiveness, security breaches compromising confidential data, and system unavailability during critical periods. Those directly impact business operations.

What is the main goal of non functional testing?

The objective of non functional testing is to enhance the usability, effectiveness, maintainability, and portability of the product. This testing process helps mitigate the manufacturing risk associated with the non functional aspects of the product.

Final Thoughts On Non Functional Testing

Non functional testing plays a crucial role in guaranteeing the overall quality and success of software systems. It extends beyond functional requirements and concentrates on pivotal aspects such as performance, security, usability, scalability, and reliability.

By conducting comprehensive non functional testing, organizations can effectively mitigate risks, elevate user satisfaction, adhere to industry standards, and optimize costs.

At LQA, we have the excellent expertise, specialized skills, and knowledge to conduct comprehensive assessments and evaluations of non-functional attributes.

Our team is highly proficient in utilizing specialized tools and techniques, enabling them to proactively identify and address potential issues.

With our proficiency in performance testing, security testing, usability testing, and compliance testing, we are adept at uncovering hidden problems, optimizing system performance, enhancing security measures, and ensuring a seamless user experience.

Our ultimate goal is to provide clients with high-quality software systems that meet performance expectations, prioritize user satisfaction, safeguard against security threats, and comply with industry standards.

If you are eager to improve the quality and reliability of your software systems, we encourage you to reach out to LQA. Contact us today to discuss your testing requirements and elevate your software to new heights.


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Black Box Testing: Fundamentals, Techniques, and Guide

Black box testing is a popular software testing methodology. It mainly focuses on the input and output of software applications and doesn’t care about the internal code structure of the software.

In this blog, LQA will give you a fundamental guide to black box testing, covering its mechanism, types, techniques, process, and differences from white box testing and gray box testing.

Let’s dive in!

Black Box Testing Fundamentals

What is black box testing?

Black box testing is a software testing methodology in which testers know what the software is supposed to do but don’t know the internal code structure of the software.

Hence, black box test cases are built around specifications and requirements, such as how the application is expected to behave.

Black box testing can be applied to both functional and non-functional testing at every level of software testing: unit, integration, system, and acceptance. Its major objective is to evaluate the software’s functionality, identify errors, and ensure that it meets specified requirements

Example of black box testing

Consider an e-commerce web app. As a black box tester, you check if the app’s login functionality works as expected by entering valid and invalid credentials and verifying the system’s response.

Below is an example of black box test cases to test the login function of the app, in which T = true and F = false.

Decision table test case design exampleBlack box testing tools

Depending on the specific test types, we have different black box testing tools, such as:

  • Functional testing: Selenium, JUnit
  • Performance testing: Apache JMeter, LoadRunner
  • Security testing: OWASP ZAP, Burp Suite
  • Usability testing: UserTesting, Crazy Eg

Pros and cons of black box testing

So, what are the advantages and limitations of black box testing?

Pros of black box testing

The advantages of black box testing include simplicity, realistic evaluation, user focus, early bug detection, and unbiased tests. Here are why:

  • Simplicity: Black box testing doesn’t require knowledge of internal code, allowing a quick and easy start compared to white box testing and gray box testing.
  • Realistic evaluation: Black box testers focus on the output of the software application and how the software works in reality.
  • User focus: Black box testers evaluate software functionality as users, from a user perspective, hence increasing the likelihood of user acceptance.
  • Early testing: Black box test cases can be designed right after the completion of specifications and executed in the early stages of software development, allowing for early detection of functional issues.
  • Unbiased tests: Black box testers provide an unbiased, fresh perspective as they lack knowledge of the internal workings of the app.

Cons of black box testing

Black box testing also has some drawbacks, such as:

  • Dependence on documentation: Black box testing test case design relies heavily on accurate and comprehensive specifications, which may not always be available or up-to-date.
  • Limited code coverage: Black box testing may miss certain code paths and internal logic, reducing the depth of testing coverage.
  • Inefficiency for complex systems: It may not effectively pinpoint intricate code-related issues in complex software architectures, due to its inability to directly access and analyze the internal code structure.
  • Potential for redundancy: Tests can be redundant if already run by the software designer and developers.

Contact LQA

Types of Black Box Testing

Black box testing is applied to 3 major test types: functional testing, non-functional testing, and regression testing.

Functional testing

Functional testing ensures that the software functions as intended. It tests features like input validation, user interface, and data manipulation.

Some common types of functional testing include smoke testing, sanity testing, integration testing, system testing, and regression testing.

Black box testing in functional testing involves creating test cases based on external specifications, executing them to validate functionality, and ensuring that the software meets specified requirements without knowing the internal code.

Non-functional testing

Non-functional testing focuses on aspects other than functionality, including performance, security, usability, and reliability.

In other words, while functional testing checks if the software performs a specific action, non-functional testing checks how the software performs that action under different conditions.

In non-functional testing, black box tests can assess whether the software:

  • is user-friendly
  • performs well under various loads
  • is compatible with different browsers, devices, and environments
  • remains secure against common threats and vulnerabilities

Regression testing

Testers can use black box testing techniques in regression tests to verify whether new changes affect the existing functioning of the system.

Regression testing is often done when there are modifications to a system, such as developing a new function, fixing a bug, or maintenance. In apps with frequent updates, regression testing is often automated for optimal efficiency.

Also read: Software testing basics, principles, skills, phase

Black Box Testing Techniques

There are many black box testing techniques that apply to different logics within software applications. Here are the 5 major techniques.

Black box testing technique Description
Boundary value analysis (BVA) Test the boundaries between partitions.
Equivalence class partitioning Divide the input domains into equivalent classes and test one input from each class.
Decision table based testing Used when the output responds to varied combinations of input.
State transition testing Verify system behavior during state changes.
Error guessing Use testers’ intuition and experience to “guess” errors.

All the above black box testing methods can be done without knowing the internal workings of the system, hence are called black box testing. Let’s dig into them!

1. Boundary value analysis (BVA)

Boundary value analysis, short for BVA, is a black-box testing technique to test the boundaries between partitions instead of testing multiple values in the equivalence region. In BVA, testers assume that if it is true for boundary values, it is true for the whole equivalence region.

Example of BVA: 

Let’s say you’re testing a system where valid age values are between 20 and 50.

  • Test with the minimum boundary value (20). It should be valid.
  • Test with the maximum boundary value (50). It should be valid.
  • Test just below the lower boundary (19). It should be invalid.
  • Test just above the upper boundary (51). It should be invalid.

2. Equivalence class partitioning

In equivalence class partitioning, also known as equivalent partitioning, testers divide all possible inputs into various equivalence data classes (or data groups) and test only one example input from each class, assuming that data in each class behaves the same.

Example of equivalent partitioning:

Imagine you’re testing a system where valid usernames are within 5 – 20 text-only characters. You divide the inputs into 5 groups as below.

Valid input group Example input Invalid input group Example input
Inputs between 5-20 text characters 10 text characters Inputs below 5 characters 3 text characters
Inputs above 20 characters 25 text characters
Empty input (Leave blank)
Inputs contain non-text characters 10 characters contain text and numbers

 

Then, you pick one representative input from each group to test. For instance, if you input 10 text characters, it should be valid. But if you input 4 characters, it should be invalid.

3. Decision table based testing

Decision table, also called a cause-effect table, is a software testing technique based on cause-effect relationships. It is used to test system behavior in which the output depends on a combination of inputs, for instance:

  • Combination of inputs: all blanks/specific blanks in the log-in section are filled in by a user.
  • System behavior: navigate the user to the homepage.

Example of decision table testing: 

An app allows users to log in only when the username, password, and captcha are correct. We have the below table that represents all possible scenarios to test, in which T = true and F = false.

Decision table test case design example

4. State transition testing

In state transition black-box testing, changes in the input make changes to the state of the system and trigger different outputs. In this technique, testers execute valid and invalid cases belonging to a sequence of events to evaluate the system’s behavior.

Example of state transition testing: 

An e-commerce app will lock a user’s account if he/she enters the wrong password 3 times in a row. This means the user will be able to log in if he/she enters the correct password on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd try. Each time the password is entered correctly, the state is transitioned into “Access accepted”. Otherwise, the state turns into “Account locked” after the 3rd time entering the wrong password.

The state transition diagram below represents a sequence of events to test.

State transition diagram for test case design

State transition diagram for test case design

5. Error guessing

In error guessing, you rely on testers’ intuition and experience to anticipate and uncover possible errors or error-prone situations in the software, particularly in situations where formal test cases may be insufficient.

In error guessing, the test cases could be based on:

  • Previous experience in testing related/similar software products.
  • Understanding of the system to be tested.
  • Knowledge of common errors in such applications.
  • Prioritized functions in the requirement specification documents (to not miss them).

Contact LQA

Black Box vs. White Box vs. Gray Box Testing

Black box, white box, and grey box testing make up the three software testing methodologies to test an app as an outsider, an insider, and a partial insider. While black box testing and white box testing are opposite concepts, gray box testing stands in between the two.

Black box vs white box vs gray box testingLet’s dive into a detailed comparison between black box, white box and gray box testing.

Black box testing Gray box testing White box testing
Minimal to no knowledge of internal details Partial knowledge of internal details Full knowledge of internal details
Low-level granularity Medium-level granularity High-level granularity
Focuses on testing the functionality of the software Uncover defects, vulnerabilities, and ensure proper functioning of the software Test the internal logic, code structure, and implementation details of the software
Evaluates a product from the user’s perspective Considers both the user’s perspective and developer’s perspective Evaluation happens from the developer’s perspective
Is often done by end-users, testers and also developers Can be done by developers, testers, and end-users Is generally done by developers and testers
Test cases are designed on the functional specifications Test cases are created based on both functional specifications and some internal knowledge Test cases are designed based on the internal code and structure
Tend to consume the least time among the 3 methods Tend to consume medium time among the 3 methods Tend to consume the most time among the 3 methods
Technique:

  • Boundary value analysis
  • Equivalence class partitioning
  • Decision table testing
  • State transition testing
  • Error guessing
Technique:

  • Matrix testing
  • Orthogonal array testing
  • Pattern testing
  • Regression testing
Technique:

  • Statement coverage
  • Branch coverage
  • Path coverage
  • Condition coverage
  • Decision/Condition coverage

 

How To Perform Black Box Testing?

A standard black box testing process takes place as below:

  • Examine the requirements and specifications of the software
  • Define the testing scope, objectives, and create a test plan
  • Develop test cases based on specifications and user scenarios, including choosing valid inputs, invalid inputs, and expected output for each input.
  • Execute the test cases, entering inputs, observing outputs, and comparing real outputs with expected outputs.
  • Document any discrepancies or defects found during testing.
  • Re-run tests after fixes or changes to ensure existing functionality remains intact.

Frequently Asked Questions about Black Box Testing

1. What are the types of black box testing?

Black box testing is suitable for three primary types of tests: functional testing, non-functional testing, and regression testing.

2. Is black box testing illegal?

No, black box testing is not illegal. It is a legitimate and widely used software testing method where testers assess the functionality of a system without knowing its internal code.

However, it’s crucial to conduct black box testing on systems you have permission to test, respecting ethical and legal boundaries. Unauthorized testing on systems or networks without proper consent is considered illegal and can result in legal consequences.

3. Why might companies prefer black box testing over white box testing?

Black box testing is user-focused and doesn’t require knowledge of internal code. Hence, it is often simpler to start and more cost-effective to carry out compared to white box testing and gray box testing. That’s why companies may prefer black-box testing over white-box testing.

Black Box Testing with LQA

As the pioneering independent software testing company in Vietnam, Lotus Quality Assurance (LQA) stands out as a prominent software quality assurance firm with a wide range of software testing services, covering black box, gray box, and white box testing.

Are you looking for experts in conducting black box testing services? Don’t hesitate to contact LQA’s software testing team.

Contact LQARelated resources:

 

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What is Functional Testing? Types and Comprehensive Guide

In today’s ever-evolving software development landscape, functional testing is critical to ensuring that software satisfies its intended specifications and functions seamlessly. Beyond only finding bugs, functional testing examines how well each component works together to contribute to the overall success of the application. 

In this article, we will guide you through the comprehensive exploration of functional test, including its benefits, methodology, and how to complete a successful functional test project. Let’s get cracking!

 

What is Functional Testing Definition?

Functional test is a type of software testing that examines the function of a software application or system. Its main goal is to ensure that the system functions in a way that meets the business demands and conforms to the stated functional criteria.

This involves evaluating the software’s user interactions, data manipulation, input and output from the software, and how it reacts to various scenarios and conditions.

what is functional testing

What is Functional Testing?

 

Functional vs Non-functional Testing: Key Differences

What is functional testing and non functional testing?

Functional and non functional testing are both popular and essential software testing types that help verify if a software’s features work correctly and assess aspects like performance and security for overall reliability.

The differences between functional and non-functional testing lie in their respective focuses. Functional tests focus on verifying if the required functions are met, whereas non-functional tests evaluate non-function aspects of any software such as performance, stability, efficiency, usability, visuals, etc.

functional testing and non functional testing key differences

Functional testing and non functional testing: Key differences

Put simply, functional test tries to answer if the software’s important functions are operating, while non-functional tests care more about how the operations occur.

 

What are the differences between functional and non-functional testing?

Let’s explore the key differences between functional and non-functional testing in the table below:

Aspect Functional testing Non-functional testing
Objective To evaluate if the software app meets functional requirements and operates as intended To assess non-functional aspects such as usability, security, performance, and more
Test coverage Typically concentrates on particular features or functions Covers a larger range of attributes beyond functionality
Examples User acceptance testing, unit testing,  functional system testing, integration testing Security testing, usability testing, compatibility testing, performance testing
Test criteria Criteria for passing or failing are frequently straightforward and determined by expected results Successful or unsuccessful criteria may include thresholds or benchmarks (for example, a response time of less than 2 seconds).
Tools and technologies Some examples of functional testing tools are Selenium, JUnit, TestNG, unified functional testing (UFT), etc Some examples of non-functional testing tools are JMeter, OWASP ZAP, LoadRunner, etc
Objective Measurement Frequently has binary results (pass/fail) according to the expected behavior Frequently uses benchmarks and quantitative measurements for non-functional attributes

 

Why is Functional Testing Important?

Software functional testing is an important phase of the software development life cycle (SDLC) for a variety of reasons:

functional testing benefits

Functional testing benefits

 

  • Verification of requirements: Functional test guarantees that the software meets the requirements. By testing each function or feature, you can ensure that the application acts as expected and meets the functional criteria.
  • Bug detection: One of the key goals of functional test is to find and disclose bugs or problems in software. It aids in identifying disparities between predicted and actual results, allowing developers to correct flaws before the software is published.
  • Software quality improvement: Functional testing helps to improve the overall quality of software by verifying that every module or component carries out its assigned task correctly.
  • User experience optimization: Functional tests improve user experience by identifying and correcting issues early in the SDLC. It helps develop a software product that satisfies users’ expectations and reduces post-release problems.
  • Cost-effectiveness: Resolving problems at a later stage of the software development life cycle or after the product has been delivered is more expensive than identifying and repairing errors early in the process. Functional test lowers the overall cost of development and maintenance by assisting in the early detection of issues.
  • Risk mitigation: Functional testing assists in reducing the risks related to software development by methodically testing the program’s functioning. It gives teams information about the application’s usability, performance, and dependability so they may proactively solve any possible problems.

streamline functional testing with lqaa

Streamline functional testing with LQA

Types of Functional Testing

What are the most common functionality testing types? Here are the most common functional testing examples:

types of functional testing

Types of functional testing

Regression testing

Regression testing ensures that new code does not break current functionality. It determines whether or not the application’s quality has deteriorated. These tests focus on the changes made and guarantee that the entire application is stable.

Unit testing

Unit testing involves breaking down the desired result into smaller units, which allows functional testers to check if a limited number of inputs, sometimes even just one, delivers the desired outcomes. By focusing on testing a specific part of the code, such as a function or method, unit testing is quick to write and run.

Integration testing

Integration testing verifies whether each software parts work properly together. This testing makes sure that the modules function properly when they are dependent on one another, even if they pass independent tests.

Smoke testing

Smoke testing is frequently used when a new build is developed. As an early-stage testing type, this method provides an additional layer of verification to determine whether the new build can move one or requires revisions. 

Sanity testing

A sanity test is executed for a new build that includes small bug fixes or new code, frequently after smoke testing. This method is to verify if every major functionality of an application operates properly both on its own and in combination with others.

Usability testing

Usability testing evaluates a software product’s user interface and overall user experience and addresses usability issues. In this testing method, real users will test the product in a production environment. Their feedback will be collected for future improvements.

 

How to Perform Functional Tests

QA functional testing typically includes the following essential steps:

how to perform functional test

How to perform functional test?

Identify test input

Before the testing phase, quality engineers need to determine the function that needs to be tested, along with its requirements, and how it operates. This essential step allows functional testers to understand the function’s goal and learn the potential user paths.

Create test scenarios

Create a list of every potential test scenario—or at least every crucial one—that may be used for a particular feature. Test scenarios demonstrate how a feature will be used in different contexts. For example, test cases for a payment module might include different currencies, managing expired or invalid card numbers, etc.

Create test data

Based on the test scenarios that you selected, create test data that replicates typical use situations. Input the test data manually with tools like MS Excel, or automatically with a script or testing tool that retrieves data from sources such as a database, flat file, XML, or spreadsheet. Make sure that each input data has relevant information specifying the expected outcome it should produce.

Execute test cases

In this stage, the created test cases are run and the results are recorded. After that, compare the expected and real output. The actual output produced after running the test cases is compared to the predicted output to determine the level of variance in the results. This stage indicates whether or not the system is operating as intended.

streamline functional testing with lqaa

Streamline functional testing with LQA

Why Automate Functional Testing?

There are various advantages of functional testing automation during the SDLC. The following are some reasons why organizations decide to automate functional testing:

why automate functional testing

    Why automate functional testing?

 

  • Efficiency and speed: Automated functional test can be completed faster than manual tests. This leads to more rapid feedback on the software’s quality, which allows more frequent updates and faster release cycles.
  • Reusability: Automated functional tests can be repeated without extra work and reusable at various phases of the development process. This allows consistent testing across different builds and releases, cutting down on redundancy.
  • Improved test coverage:  Automated functional test offers wider coverage of test scenarios and data variances. This leads to higher test coverage, ensuring that all of the application’s components are carefully tested.

In summary, automated functional test improves the software development process’s effectiveness, consistency, and dependability, which leads to better products and quicker release cycles.

 

Improve Your Functional Testing with LQA

Enhancing functional testing involves engaging a specialized software QA & testing firm to ensure a comprehensive evaluation and optimal testing performance.

With over 7 years of experience as the pioneering independent software QA in Vietnam, LQA stands out as a leading IT quality and security assurance organization, providing a comprehensive variety of software QA & testing services to fulfill our clients’ diversified needs.

At LQA, we stay up-to-date on the latest functional testing methodologies and employ industry-leading tools.

lqa software testing tools

LQA robust software testing tools

 

In addition to functional tests, LQA offers full software testing services such as white box, black box, web application, mobile application, API, manual, and automation testing.

Key features of LQA’s functional test solution:

  • Comprehensive software QA solutions include consultation, strategy, execution, and ongoing support.
  • Ensured bug rate of less than 3% for devices, mobile, and web applications.
  • Quick delivery enabled by a wide range of experienced testers.
  • Optimal price-to-quality ratio, leveraging cost savings and the knowledge of Vietnamese IT professionals.
  • Tailored solutions based on industry expertise.
  • Maximum security assured via a Non-disclosure Agreement (NDA) and optimal security procedures during database access.

Connect with LQA’s professionals to improve your functional test experience, ensuring outstanding software quality, bug-free applications, quick project delivery, cost-effective solutions, industry-specific precision, and maximum security.

streamline functional testing with lqaa

Streamline functional testing with LQA

 

Frequently Asked Questions About Functional Testing

1. What is functional testing in software engineering?

Functional testing is a type of software testing that aims to ensure that a software application performs as planned. It entails testing the system’s functionality by providing input and inspecting the output to ensure that the software satisfies the defined requirements and works as intended.

 

2. What is non-functional testing?

In contrast to functional testing, non-functional testing assesses factors including scalability, performance, usability, and dependability. Rather than focusing on particular features or functionalities, it evaluates the system’s non-functional characteristics, such as reaction time, load management, and security.

 

3. What is the difference between unit testing vs functional testing?

Unit testing is a type of functional testing in which the validity of individual modules or components is verified by testing them separately. More broadly, functional testing evaluates the system’s functionality as a whole.

 

4. What is the difference between functional vs regression testing?

Regression testing makes sure that new features don’t negatively affect already-existing functionalities, while functional test confirms that the program operates as intended. Although being one of the functional test types, regression testing focuses on potential problems with new changes, whereas functional test validates features.

 

5. What is the difference between functional vs integration testing?

While integration testing evaluates the connections between various systems or components, the functional test looks at specific functions on their own. Both are a component of functional testing; integration testing makes sure these features work together seamlessly, whereas functional testing concentrates on features.

 

Final Thoughts About Functional Testing

In conclusion, functional test is the key to ensuring software reliability and user satisfaction. Its comprehensive examination of each function not only addresses and fixes possible issues but also guarantees a seamless alignment with user expectations.

Adopting a strong functional test approach is essential since it will protect against bugs and errors in advance, and increase software dependability, and user confidence.

We hope that with our comprehensive guidelines above, you can approach functional tests with confidence, creating software that not only meets but even surpasses user expectations in functionality and performance.

If you are looking for experts in conducting function testing for your software projects, contact LQA’s expert team today for top-notch functional testing services and consultancy. Let’s ensure your software stands out for all the right reasons.